Mental Health-Related Healthcare Resource Use and Costs of Medicaid Beneficiaries with Treatment Resistant Depression Receiving Interventional Therapy

Abstract

Introduction

Esketamine (ESK) nasal spray and interventional therapies including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are indicated for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). Little is known about healthcare resource use and associated costs of Medicaid beneficiaries, a population with a high burden of mental health disorders, initiating ESK, ECT or TMS. This study aimed to bridge this gap in knowledge.

Methods

Medicaid-insured adults with evidence of TRD (≥2 unique antidepressants of adequate dose and duration) were selected from Merative™ MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database (01/2016-06/2022). Based on therapy initiated on or after 03/05/2019 (ESK approval date for TRD), patients were classified into three cohorts: ESK, ECT, and TMS. Before treatment initiation (index date), patients had ≥12 months of continuous insurance eligibility (baseline period). Mental health (MH)-related resource use and payer costs (USD 2022) were reported per-patient-per-month (PPPM) during the follow-up period, which spanned the index date until the earliest continuous insurance eligibility or data end.

Results

ESK cohort included 151 patients (mean age: 40.6 years; female: 70.2%), ECT cohort included 198 patients (mean age: 43.0 years; female: 60.6%), and TMS cohort included 140 patients (mean age: 39.5 years; female: 65.0%).

During the follow-up period, the mean number of MH-related inpatient (IP) days trended lower in ESK cohort (0.09) relative to the ECT (3.72) and TMS (0.31) cohorts. Similarly, the mean number of MH-related emergency department (ED) visits trended lower in ESK cohort (0.07) relative to ECT (0.12) and TMS (0.26) cohorts. The mean number of MH-related outpatient (OP) visits in ESK cohort (4.83) trended higher than in ECT cohort (4.37) but lower than in TMS cohort (6.41). Mean MH-related acute care costs during the follow-up period trended lower in ESK cohort (IP: $76; ED: $29) relative to ECT (IP: $1,547; ED: $45) and TMS cohorts (IP: $238; ED: $123). Outpatient costs in ESK cohort ($1,632) exceeded OP costs in ECT ($1,023) and TMS ($1,051) cohorts.

Conclusion

In this descriptive analysis, a trend towards lower use and costs of acute MH-related care was observed after the initiation of ESK relative to the initiation of ECT and TMS. This finding should be interpreted with caution, given potential differences in patient profiles, clinical history and setting of administration.

Funding

Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC. Analysis Group is a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, which funded the development and conduct of this study.