Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-g4j75 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-23T18:16:09.838Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Life Charting of Affective Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2018

Gabriele S. Leverich  and
Robert M. Post
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The recurrent and frequently chronic course of affective disorders requires careful delineation of the number, frequency, and pattern of prior and current episodes and their response to pharmacotherapies to help develop optimal assessment and treatment approaches for these Potentially lethal medical illnesses. To better track and monitor the longitudinal course of unipolar and bipolar illness and to promote more effective management, we developed the retrospective and prospective National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Methodology (NIMH-LCM). The principles of retrospective and prospective life charting are the focus of this article. Following introductory background information on affective disorders, the influence of Kraepelin's work and his use of life charts are reviewed as the basis and framework for the NIMH-LCM. The use of life charting both retrospectively and prospectively is discussed, with examples of its utility and benefits.

Type
Feature Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 3 , Issue 5: An Integrated Approach to the Treatment of Mood Disorders , May 1998 , pp. 21 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Leverich, GS, Posl, RM. Life charting the course of bipolar disorder. In: Rush, AJ. ed. Current Review of Wood Disorders. 1996;48–61.Google Scholar
2. Leverich, GS, Post, RM. The NIMH Life Chart Manual - Self Version™: The NIMH-LCM-S. Bethesda, Md: Biological Psychiatry Branch. National Institute of Mental Health: 1997a. Biological Psychiatry Branch Monograph, revised, final.Google Scholar
3. Leverich, GS, Post, RM. The NIMH Life Chan Manual for Recurrent Affective Illness: The NIMH-LCM™. Bethesda, Md: Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health; 1997b. Biological Psychiatry Branch Monograph, revised.Google Scholar
4. Kessler, RC, McGonagle, KA, Zhao, S. et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:8–19.Google Scholar
5. Regier, DA, Boyd, JH, Burke, JD Jr, et al. One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States: based on five epidemiological catchment areas sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:977–986.Google Scholar
6. Wyatt, RJ, Henter, I. An economic evaluation of manic-depressive illness—1991. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1995;30:213–219.Google Scholar
7. Lish, JD, Dine-Meenan, S, Whybrow, PC, Price, RA, Hirschfeld, MA. The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association (DMDA) survey of bipolar members. J Affective Disord. 1994;31:281–294.Google Scholar
8. Egeland, JA, Blumenthal, RL, Nee, J, Sharpe, L. Reliability and relationship of various ages of onset criteria for major affective disorder. J Affective Disord. 1987;12:159–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Regier, DA, Narrow, EW, Rae, DS, Manderscheid, RW, Locke, BZ, Goodwin, FK. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system: epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:85–94.Google Scholar
10. Goodwin, FK, Jamison, KR. Manic-Depressive Illness. New York, NY: Oxford University Press: 1993.Google Scholar
11. Coryell, W, Scheftner, W, Keller, M, Endicott, J, Maser, J, Klerman, GL. The enduring psychosocial consequences of mania and depression. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:720–727.Google Scholar
12. Regier, DA, Farmer, ME, Rae, DS, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the epidemiologic catchment area (EGA) study. JAMA. 1990;264:2511–2518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Kessler, RC, Crum, RM, Warner, LA, Nelson, CB, Schulenberg, J, Anthony, JC. Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:313–321.Google Scholar
14. Mellman, TA, Leverich, GS, Hauser, P, Kramlinger, KG, Post, RM, Uhde, TW. Axis II pathology in panic ami affective disorders: relationship to diagnosis, course of illness, and treatment response. J Personal Disord. 1992;6:53–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Suppes, T, Baldessarini, RJ, Faedda, GI, et al. Risk of recurrence following discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:1082–1088.Google Scholar
16. Post, RM, Leverich, GS, Altshuler, L, Mikalauskas, K. Lithium-discontinuation-induced refractoriness: preliminary observations. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149:1727–1729.Google ScholarPubMed
17. Kraepelin, E. Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia. Barclay, RM, trans-rep ed. Salem, NH: Ayer Company, Publishers, Inc; 1990.Google Scholar
18. Nottelmann, ED, Jensen, PS. Bipolar affective disorder in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34:707–708.Google Scholar
19. Geller, B, Sun, K, Zimerman, B. et al. Complex and rapid-cycling in bipolar children and adolescents: a preliminary study. J Affective Disord. 1995;31:259–268.Google Scholar