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The diagnosis and evaluation of dementia and mild cognitive impairment with emphasis on SPECT perfusion neuroimaging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2012

Theodore A. Henderson
Theodore A. Henderson*
Affiliation:
The Synaptic Space, Denver, Colorado, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Theodore A. Henderson, MD, PhD, The Synaptic Space, 3979 E. Arapahoe Road, Suite 200, Centennial, CO 80112. (Email [email protected])
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Abstract

As the world population ages, the incidence of dementing illnesses will dramatically increase. The number of people afflicted with dementia is expected to quadruple in the next 50 years. Since the neuropathology of the dementias precedes clinical symptoms often by several years, earlier detection and intervention could be key steps to mitigating the progression and burden of these diseases. This review will explore methods of evaluating, differentiating, and diagnosing the multiple forms of dementia. Particular emphasis will be placed on the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment—the precursor to dementia. Anatomical imaging; cerebrospinal fluid markers; functional neuroimaging, such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission tomography; and molecular imaging, such as amyloid marker imaging, will be assessed in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Cost will also be a consideration, as the growing population afflicted with dementia represents an increasingly large financial encumbrance to the healthcare systems of every nation. In the face of expensive new markers and limited availability of cyclotrons, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) provides relatively high sensitivity and specificity at a comparatively low overall cost.

Keywords

Alzheimer's diseaseMild cognitive impairmentAmyloidSPECTFDG-PETdementia
Type
Review Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 176 - 206
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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