Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:26:27.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brain Network Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Caleb M. Adler ,
Melissa P. DelBello  and
Stephen M. Strakowski
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Despite its significance, the neurophysiology and neuropathology of this illness is incompletely understood. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have helped to begin clarifying these areas. Specifically, bipolar disorder appears to arise from abnormalities within discrete brain networks (eg, the anterior limbic network). The expression of the symptoms of bipolar disorder does not appear to result from single, localized brain lesions, but rather are emergent properties of dysfunction of these brain networks. As neuroimaging techniques continue to improve, the underlying neural basis of bipolar disorder will be clarified.

Type
Review Articles
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , April 2006 , pp. 312 - 320
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Narrow, WE, Rae, DS, Robins, LN, Regier, DA. Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 survey's estimates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:115–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Angst, J. The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord. 1998;50:143–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. text rev. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.Google Scholar
4.Papez, JW. A proposed mechanism of emotion. 1937. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;7:103–112Google ScholarPubMed
5.Martin, JH. The limbic system, In; Martin, JH, ed. Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas. 2nd ed. Stamford, Conn: Appletone & Lange; 1996:447–480.Google Scholar
6.George, MS, Ketter, TA, Parekh, PI, et al.Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:341–351.Google ScholarPubMed
7.Mayberg, HS, Liotti, M, Brannan, SK, et al.Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:675–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Kimbrell, TA, George, MS, Parekh, PI, et al.Regional brain activity during transient selfinduced anxiety and anger in healthy adults. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;46:454–465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Price, JL. Prefrontal cortical networks related to visceral function and mood. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;877:383–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Chen, CH, Lennox, B, Jacob, R, et al.Explicit and implicit facial affect recognition in manic and depressed States of bipolar disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;59:31–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Bearden, CE, Hoffman, KM, Cannon, TD. The neuropsychology and neuroanatomy of bipolar affective disorder: a critical review. Bipolar Disord. 2001;3:106–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Strakowski, SM, Adler, CM, Holland, SK, Mills, N, DelBello, MP, Eliassen, JC. Abnormal fMRI brain activation in euthymic bipolar disorder during a counting Stroop task. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1697–1705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Strakowski, SM, Adler, CM, Holland, SK, Mills, NP, DelBello, MP. A preliminary fMRI study of sustained attention in unmedicated, euthymic bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:1734–1740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Adler, CM, Sax, KW, Holland, SK, Schmithorst, V, Rosenberg, HL, Strakowski, SM. Comparison of neuronal activation with two attention tasks in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study. Synapse. 2001;42:266–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Adler, CM, Holland, SK, Schmithorst, V, Tuchfarber, MJ, Strakowski, SM. Changes in neuronal activation in patients with bipolar disorder during performance of a working memory task. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:540–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Haznedar, MM, Roversi, F, Pallanti, S, et al.Fronto-thalamo-striatal gray and white matter volumes and anisotropy of their connections in bipolar spectrum illnesses. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:733–742.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Strakowski, SM, DelBello, MP, Adler, CM. The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a review of neuroimaging findings. Mol Psychiatry. 2005;10:105–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Ketter, TA, Wang, PW, Dieckmann, NF, et al.Brain anatomic circuits and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. In: Soares, JC, ed. Brain Imaging in Affective Disorders. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. 2002;79–118.Google Scholar
19.Ketter, TA, Kimbrell, TA, George, MS, et al.Effects of mood and subtype on cerebral glucose metabolism in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2001;49:97–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Phillips, ML, Drevets, WC, Rauch, SL, Lane, R. Neurobiology of emotion perception II: Implications for major psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:515–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Drevets, WC. Prefrontal cortical-amygdalar metabolism in major depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;877:614–637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.McDonald, AJ, Shammah-Lagnado, SJ, Shi, C, Davis, M. Cortical afferents to the extended amygdala. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;877:309–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Sax, KW, Strakowski, SM, Zimmerman, ME, DelBello, MP, Keck, PE Jr, Hawkins, JM. Frontosubcortical neuroanatomy and the continuous performance test in mania. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:139–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Cecil, KM, DelBello, MP, Morey, R, Strakowski, SM. Frontal lobe differences in bipolar disorder as determined by proton MR spectroscopy. Bipolar Disord. 2002;4:357–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Mega, MS, Cummings, JL, Salloway, S, Malloy, P. The limbic system: an anatomic, phylogenetic, and clinical perspective. J Neuropsychiatr Clin Neurosci. 1997;9:315–330.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Ongür, D, Price, JL. The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys, and humans. Cerebral Cortex. 2000;10:206–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Öngür, D, An, X, Price, JL. Prefrontal cortical projections to the hypothalamus in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 1998;401:480–505.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Frangou, S. The Maudsley Bipolar Disorder Project. Epilepsia. 2005;46(suppl 4):19–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Cecil, KM, DelBello, MP, Sellars, MC, Strakowski, SM. Proton MR spectroscopy of the frontal lobe and cerebellar vermis in children with mood disorder and a familial risk for bipolar disorders. J Child Adol Psychopharmacology. 2003;13:545–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.An, X, Bandler, R, Ongur, D, Price, JL. Prefrontal cortical projections to longitudinal columns in the midbrain periacqueductal gray in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 1998;401:455–479.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Russchen, FT, Bakst, I, Amaral, DG, Price, JL. The amygdalostriatal projections in the monkey, an anterograde tracing study. Brain Res. 1985;329:241–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Haber, SN, Lynd, E, Klein, C, Groenewegen, HJ. Topographic organization of the ventral striatal efferent projections in the rhesus monkey: an anterograde tracing study. J Comp Neurol. 1990;293:282–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Drevets, WC, Price, JL, Simpson, JR Jr, et al.Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature. 1997;386:824–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Lopez-Larson, MP, DelBello, MP, Zimmerman, ME, Schwiers, ML, Strakowski, SM. Regional prefrontal gray and white matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:93–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Hajek, T, Carrey, N, Alda, M. Neuroanatomical abnormalities as risk factors for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:393–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Damasio, AR. Neuropsychology. Towards a neuropathology of emotion and mood. Nature. 1997;386:769–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Sassi, RB, Brambilla, P, Hatch, JP, et al.Reduced left anterior cingulate volumes in untreated bipolar patients. Biol Psychiatry 2004;56:467–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Kaur, S, Sassi, RB, Axelson, D, et al.Cingulate cortex anatomical abnormalities in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1637–1643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Bruno, SD, Barker, GJ, Cercignani, M, Symms, M, Ron, MA. A study of bipolar disorder using magnetization transfer imaging and voxel-based morphometry. Brain. 2004;127:2433–2440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Doris, A, Belton, E, Ebmeier, KP, Glabus, MF, Marshall, I. Reduction of cingulate gray matter density in poor outcome bipolar illness. Psychiatry Res. 2004;130:153–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Carmichael, ST, Price, JL. Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol. 1995;363:615–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Barbas, H, Blatt, GR. Topographically specific hippocampal projections target functionally distinct prefrontal areas in the rheusas monkey. Hippocampus. 1995;5:511–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Herman, JP, Cullinan, WE. Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci. 1997;20:78–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Frazier, JA, Ahn, MS, DeJong, S, Bent, EK, Breeze, JL, Giuliano, AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in early-onset bipolar disorder: a critical review. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2005;13:125–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45.DelBello, MP, Zimmerman, ME, Mills, NP, Getz, GE, Strakowski, SM. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of amygdala and other subcortical brain regions in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:43–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Alexander, GE, DeLong, MR, Strick, PL. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Ann Rev Neurosci. 1986;9:357–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Adleman, NE, Barnea-Goraly, N, Chank, KD. Review of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies in children with bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2004;4:69–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Allen, G, McColl, R, Barnard, H, Ringe, WK, Fleckenstein, J, Cullum, CM. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar-prefrontal and cerebellar-parietal functional connectivity. Neuroimage. 2005;28:39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.DelBello, MP, Strakowski, SM, Zimmerman, ME, Sax, KW, Hawkins, JM. MRI analysis of the cerebellum in bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999;21:63–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Mills, N, DelBello, MP, Adler, CM, Strakowski, SM. Cerebellar vermal abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:1530–1533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Monks, PJ, Thompson, JM, Bullmore, ET, et al.A functional MRI study of working memory task in euthymic bipolar disorder: evidence for task-specific dysfunction. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:550–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Malhi, GS, Lagopoulos, J, Sachdev, PS, Ivanovski, B, Shnier, R. An emotional Stroop functional MRI study of euthymic bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7(suppl 5):58–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Yurgelun-Todd, DA, Gruber, SA, Kanayama, G, Killgore, WD, Baird, AA, Young, AD. fMRI during affect discrimination in bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2000;2(3 pt 2):237–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Altshuler, LL, Curran, JG, Hauser, P, Mintz, J, Denicoff, K, Post, R. T2 hyperintensities in bipolar disorder: magnetic resonance imaging comparison and literature metaanalysis. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1139–1144.Google Scholar
55.Bruno, SD. Neuroimaging of bipolar disorder: emphasis on novel MRI techniques. Epilepsia. 2005; 46(suppl 4):14–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Davis, KA, Kwon, A, Cardenas, VA, Deicken, RF. Decreased cortical gray and cerebral white matter in male patients with familial bipolar I disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004;82:475–485.Google ScholarPubMed
57.Kiesappa, T, van Erp, TG, Haukka, J, et al.Reduced left hemispheric white matter volume in twins with bipolar I disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:896–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58.Adler, CM, Holland, SK, Schmithorst, V, et al.Abnormal frontal white matter tracts in bipolar disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Bipolar Disord. 2004;6:197–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Adler, CM, Adams, J, DelBello, MP, et al.Evidence of white matter pathology in bipolar disorder adolescents experiencing their first episode of mania: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:322–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Adler, CM, Adams, J, DelBello, MP, et al. Evidence of white matter pathology in first-episode manic adolescents with bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Abstract presented at: Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, April 10-15, 2005; Kona, Hawaii.Google Scholar
61.Caligiuri, MP, Brown, GG, Meloy, MJ, et al.An fMRI study of affective state and medication on cortical and subcortical brain regions during motor performance in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2003;123:171–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62.Blumberg, HP, Leung, HC, Skudlarski, P, et al.A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of bipolar disorder: state- and trait-related dysfunction in ventral prefrontal cortices. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:601–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Sowell, ER, Peterson, BS, Thompson, PM, Welcome, SE, Henkenius, AL, Toga, AW. Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6:309–315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64.Machado, CJ, Bachevalier, J. Non-human primate models of childhood psychopathology: the promise and the limitations. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003;44:64–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65.Sanches, M, Roberts, RL, Sassi, RB, et al.Developmental abnormalities in striatum in young bipolar patients: a preliminary study. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7:153–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66.Adler, CM, DelBello, MP, Levine, A, et al. Complementary morphometric and functional corticolimbic changes in aduit bipolar patients. Presented as part of the workshop: “Corticolimbic Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Developmental Perspective.” Chair: Dr. Caleb M. Adler. Workshop presented at: Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, April 10-15, 2005; Kona, Hawaii.Google Scholar
66.Adler, CM, Levine, A, DelBello, MP, Strakowski, SM. Changes in gray matter volume in patients with bipolar disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:151–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67.Stork, C, Renshaw, PF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy research. Mol Psychiatry. 2005;10:900–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed