Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T14:47:08.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cognitive behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: Empirical foundation and new directions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2013

Ellen M. Koucky ,
Benjamin D. Dickstein  and
Kathleen M. Chard
Ellen M. Koucky
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Psychology, University of Missouri–St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Benjamin D. Dickstein
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Kathleen M. Chard*
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Kathleen M. Chard, PhD, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, PTSD and Anxiety Disorders Division, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA. (Email [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most empirically supported intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and includes both specific manualized treatments (e.g., cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure) and less standardized applications. As CBT for PTSD has become increasingly popular, more advanced questions have emerged regarding its use, including how existing treatments might be enhanced. In the current review, we aimed to discover recent trends in the CBT for PTSD literature by applying rigorous search criteria to peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2012. Results of the 14 studies that were identified are discussed, and future directions for research are suggested.

Keywords

Cognitive behavioralefficacyposttraumatic stress disordertraumatreatment.
Type
Review Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 73 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Kessler, RC, Sonnega, A, Bromet, E, etal. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995; 52: 1048–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Breslau, N. The epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and other posttrauma disorders. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2009; 10: 198–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Kessler, RC, Chiu, W, Demler, O, Walters, EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12 month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 617–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Kessler, RC. Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and society. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000; 61(suppl 5): 4–12.Google Scholar
5.Foa, EB, Keane, TM, Friedman, MJ, Cohen, JA. Effective Treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2009.Google Scholar
6.Institute of Medicine. Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress disorder: An Assessment of the Evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2007.Google Scholar
7.Ponniah, K, Hollon, SD. Empirically supported psychological treatments for adult acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review. Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26: 1086–1109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline Working Group. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Post-Traumatic Stress. Washington, DC: VA Office of Quality and Performance; 2010.Google Scholar
9.Resick, PA, Galovski, TE, Uhlmansiek, M, etal. A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008; 76: 243–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Chard, KM. An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005; 73: 965–971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Foa, EB, Dancu, CV, Hembree, EA, etal. A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999; 67: 194–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Resick, PA, Williams, LF, Suvak, MK, Monson, CM, Gradus, JL. Long-term outcomes of cognitive–behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder among female rape survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012; 80(2): 201–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Resick, PA, Schnicke, MK. Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992; 60: 748–756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Foa, EB, Kozak, MJ. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychol Bull. 1986; 99: 20–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Zayfert, C, Becker, C. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for PTSD: A Case Formulation Approach. New York: Guilford Press; 2007.Google Scholar
16.Shapiro, F. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. New York: Guilford Press; 1995.Google Scholar
17.McNally, RJ. How to end the EMDR controversy. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale. 2001; 7: 153–154.Google Scholar
18.Cahill, SP, Carrigan, MH, Frueh, B. Does EMDR work? And if so, why? A critical review of controlled outcome and dismantling research. J Anxiety Disord. 1999; 13: 5–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Arlington, VA: Author; 2004.Google Scholar
20.Benedek, DM, Friedman, MJ, Zatzick, D, Ursano, RJ. Guideline Watch (2009): Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2009.Google Scholar
21.Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health. Australian Guidelines for the Treatment of Adults with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Melbourne, Australia: ACPMH; 2007.Google Scholar
22.National Collaborating Center for Mental Health. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Management of PTSD in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care. National Clinical Practice Guideline, 26. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists and The British Psychological Society; 2005.Google Scholar
23.Bisson, JI, Ehlers, A, Matthews, R, etal. Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2007; 190(2): 97–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Ipser, JC, Stein, DJ. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012; 15: 825–840.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Forbes, D, Lloyd, D, Nixon, RDV, etal. A multisite randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive processing therapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2012; 26(3): 442–452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Monson, C, Schnurr, P, Resick, P, etal. Cognitive processing therapy for veterans with military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006; 74(5): 898–907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Resick, PA, Pallavi, N, Weaver, TL, Astin, MC, Feuer, CA. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002; 70(4): 867–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.de Kleine, RA, Hendriks, GJ, Kusters, WJC, Broekman, TG, van Minnen, A. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of d-cycloserine to enhance exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71(11): 962–968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Otto, MW, McHugh, K, Kantak, KM. Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: medication effects, glucocorticoids, and attenuated treatment outcomes. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2010; 17(2): 91–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Schneier, FR, Neria, Y, Pavlicova, M, etal. Combined prolonged exposure therapy and paroxetine for PTSD related to the World Trade Center attack: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2012; 169: 80–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Difede, J, Cukor, J, Jayasinghe, N, etal. Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 68: 1639–1647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Gerardi, M, Rothbaum, BO, Ressler, K, Heekin, M, Rizzo, A. Virtual reality exposure therapy using a virtual Iraq: case report. J Trauma Stress. 2008; 21: 209–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Botello, C, García-Palacios, A, Guillen, V, etal. An adaptive display for the treatment of diverse trauma PTSD victims. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010; 13(1): 67–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Frueh, BC, Turner, SM, Beidel, DC, Mirabella, RF, Jones, WJ. Trauma management therapy: a preliminary evaluation of a multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combat-related PTSD. Behav Res Ther. 1996; 34: 533–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Beidel, DC, Frueh, BC, Uhde, TW, Wong, N, Mentrowski, JM. Multicomponent behavioral treatment for chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2011; 25(2): 224–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Cloitre, M, Stovall-McClough, KC, Nooner, K, etal. Treatment for PTSD related to child abuse: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2010; 167: 915–924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Johnson, DM, Zlotnick, C, Perez, S. Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD in residents of battered women's shelters: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011; 79(4): 542–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Shemesh, E, Annunziato, RA, Weatherley, BD. A randomized controlled trial of the safety and promise of cognitive-behavioral therapy using imaginal exposure in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from cardiovascular illness. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011; 72(2): 168–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Hinton, DE, Hofmann, SG, Rivera, E, Otto, MW, Pollack, MH. Culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT) for Latino women with treatment-resistant PTSD: a pilot study comparing CA-CBT to applied muscle relaxation. Behav Res Ther. 2011; 49(4): 275–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Marchand, A, Beaulieu-Prévost, D, Guay, S, etal. Relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder: a six-month follow-up. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma. 2011; 20: 304–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Strachan, M, Gros, DF, Ruggiero, KJ, Lejuez, CW, Acierno, R. An integrated approach to delivering exposure-based treatment for symptoms of PTSD and depression in OIF/OEF veterans: preliminary findings. Behav Ther. 2012; 43(3): 560–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Gros, DF, Yoder, M, Tuerk, PW, Lozano, BE, Acierno, R. Exposure therapy for PTSD delivered to veterans via telehealth: predictors of treatment completion and outcome and comparison to treatment delivered in person. Behav Ther. 2011; 42(2): 276–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Tuerk, PW, Yoder, M, Ruggiero, KJ, Gros, DF, Acierno, R. A pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder delivered via telehealth technology. J Trauma Stress. 2010; 23: 116–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Morland, LA, Hynes, AK, Mackintosh, MA, Resick, PA, Chard, KM. Cognitive processing therapy delivered to veterans via telehealth: a pilot cohort. J Trauma Stress. 2011; 24(4): 465–469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed