Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:14:36.657Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of the Effect of Heating on Montmorillonite Containing Sodium and Potassium Cations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Haruhiko Seyama  and
Mitsuyuki Soma
Haruhiko Seyama
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Mitsuyuki Soma
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Yatabe, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of heating on montmorillonites containing exchangeable Na and K has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface composition of the unheated montmorillonite was consistent with the bulk composition, but after the sample recrystallized at 1100°C, the surface abundance of Na increased, whereas that of K decreased. Because Na and K were not present in the high-temperature crystalline products, this behavior suggests that a noncrystalline material separated from the crystalline products. The Na 1s binding energy and KL23L23 Auger kinetic energy of montmorillonite were comparable with those of Na in typically ionic compound, such as NaCl. These electron energies became smaller and larger, respectively, on heating and approached those of feldspar (albite). The K 2p3/2 binding energy of montmorillonite increased slightly on heating. The K 2p3/2 binding energy of heated sample of montmorillonite was also comparable with that of feldspar (orthoclase). These results suggest that Na and K were incorporated into feldspar-like noncrystalline materials.

Keywords

MontmorilloniteNoncrystallineSurface compositionThermal treatmentX-ray photo-electron spectroscopyX-ray powder diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , December 1986 , pp. 672 - 676
Copyright
Copyright © 1986, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Adams, J. M., Evans, S. and Thomas, J. M., 1978 X-ray photoelectron diffraction: a novel method of structural analysis in complex monocrystalline solids J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 210–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, J. M., Evans, S. and Thomas, J. M., 1978 X-ray photoelectron diffraction: a new technique for structural studies of complex solids J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 100 3260–3262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, W. F. and Grim, R. E., 1951 High temperature thermal effects of clay and related materials A mer. Mineral. 36 182–201.Google Scholar
Dillard, J. G., Schenck, C. V. and Koppelman, M. H., 1983 Surface chemistry of cobalt in calcined cobalt-kaolinite materials Clays & Clay Minerals 31 69–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S., Adams, J. M. and Thomas, J. M., 1979 The surface structure and composition of layered silicate minerals: novel insights from X-ray photoelectron diffraction, K-emission spectroscopy and cognate techniques Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A 292 563–591.Google Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1979 Angular variations in core-level XPS peak intensity ratios from single-crystal solids Surf. Sci. 89 64–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1980 Quantitative X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies of single-crystal silicates Solid State Commun. 33 1213–1215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1980 X-ray photoelectron studies of titanium in biotite and phlogopite Clay Miner. 15 209–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1982 X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies of sodium in biotite J. Chem. Research (S) 170–171.Google Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1982 X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies of lepidolite Clay Miner. 17 443–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S. and Raftery, E., 1982 Determination of the oxidation state of manganese in lepidolite by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Clay Miner. 17 477–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R. E., 1968 Clay Mineralogy 2nd ed. New York McGraw-Hill 278–352.Google Scholar
Koppelman, M. H. and Dillard, J. G., 1975 An ESCA study of sorbed metal ions on clay minerals ACS Symp. Ser. 18 186–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppelman, M. H. and Dillard, J. G., 1977 A study of the adsorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) by clay minerals Clays & Clay Minerals 25 457–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppelman, M. H. and Dillard, J. G., 1978 An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) study of cobalt adsorbed on the clay mineral chlorite J. Colloid Interface Sci. 66 345–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppelman, M. H. and Dillard, J. G., 1980 Adsorption of Cr(NH3)6 3+ and Cr(en)3 3+ on clay minerals and the characterization of chromium by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Clays & Clay Minerals 28 211–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koppelman, M. H., Emerson, A. B. and Dillard, J. G., 1980 Adsorbed Cr(III) on chlorite, illite, and kaolinite: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study Clays & Clay Minerals 28 119–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seah, M. P., 1980 The quantitative analysis of surfaces by XPS Surf. Interface Anal. 2 222–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyama, H. and Soma, M., 1984 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of montmorillonite containing exchangeable divalent cations J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans. I 80 237–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seyama, H. and Soma, M., 1985 Bonding-state characterization of the constituent elements of silicate minerals by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 81 485–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soma, M., Seyama, H. and Okamoto, K., 1985 Characterization of sediment reference materials by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Talanta 32 177–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stucki, J. W. and Roth, C. B., 1977 Oxidation-reduction mechanism for structural iron in nontronite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 41 808–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J. W., Roth, C. B. and Baitinger, W. E., 1976 Analysis of iron-bearing clay minerals by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) Clays & Clay Minerals 24 289–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, C. D., Gate, L. H. and Raymond, R. H., 1979 Two-dimensional chemical state plots: a standardized data set for use in identifying chemical states by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 51 466–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar