Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:55:09.439Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Use of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet for Determination of Exchangeable Cations in Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

G. Rytwo ,
C. Serban ,
S. Nir  and
L. Margulies
G. Rytwo
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
C. Serban
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
S. Nir
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
L. Margulies*
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
*
1Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A procedure for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the amounts of exchangeable cations adsorbed to montmorillonite is proposed. The method consists of a single incubation of the clay in a suspension containing a low concentration of an organic dye of large binding affinity, followed by analysis of the displaced inorganic cations by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICPES). The CEC is obtained by taking the largest sum of displaced exchangeable cations. Montmorillonite suspensions were incubated with methylene blue (MB) or crystal violet (CV) at dye concentrations below 4 mM, for one, three or fourteen days. For total dye concentrations up to the CEC, all the dye was adsorbed and equivalent amounts of exchangeable cations were released. Both dyes could adsorb to the clay in excess of the CEC.

After one day of incubation in the presence of dye concentrations of about 50% in excess of the CEC, the total amounts of cations released were reduced to below the CEC. This reduction was interpreted as due to massive aggregation of the clay particles induced by the dye. With CV the total amounts of cations released after three or fourteen days of incubation increased and became equal to the CEC.

The same CEC was found for Na-, Ca- and SWy1 crude-montmorillonite, by employing either of the dyes.

Keywords

Cation exchange capacityCrystal violetExchangeable cationsICPMethylene blueMontmorilloniteOrganic cations
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 5 , October 1991 , pp. 551 - 555
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Chu, C. H. and Johnson, L. J., 1979 Cation exchange behavior of clays and synthetic aluminosilica gels Clays & Clay Minerals 27 87 – 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De, D. K. D. Kanungo, J. L. and Chakravarti, S. K., 1974 Interaction of crystal violet and malachite green with ben-tonite and their desorption by inorganic and surface active quaternary ammonium ions Indian J. Chem. 12 165 – 166.Google Scholar
Ghosal, D. N. and Mukherjee, S. K., 1972 Studies on the sorption and desorption of crystal violet on and from ben-tonite and kaolinite J. Indian Chem. Soc. 49 569 – 572.Google Scholar
Grauer, Z., Avnir, D. and Yariv, S., 1984 Adsorption characteristics of rhodamine 6G on montmorillonite and saponite Can. J. Chem. 62 1889 – 1894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hang, P. T. and Brindley, G. W., 1970 Methylene blue absorption by clay minerals. Determination of surface areas and CEC Clays & Clay Minerals 18 203 – 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch, D., Nir, S. and Banin, A., 1989 Prediction of cadmium complexation in solution and adsorption to montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53 716 – 721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagaly, G., 1984 Clay organic interactions Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 311 315 – 322.Google Scholar
Margulies, L., Rozen, H. and Nir, S., 1988 Model for competitive adsorption of organic cations on clays Clays & Clay Minerals 36 270 – 276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortland, M. M., 1970 Clay organic complexes and interactions Adv. Agron. 22 75 – 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narine, D. R. and Guy, R. D., 1981 Interactions of some large organic cations with bentonite in dilute aqueous systems Clays & Clay Minerals 29 205 – 212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nir, S., 1984 A model for cation adsorption in closed systems. Application to calcium binding to phospholipid vesicles J. Colloid Interface Sci. 102 313 – 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nir, S., 1986 Specific and non specific cation adsorption to clays. Solution concentrations and surface potentials Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50 52 – 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nir, S., Hirsch, D., Navrot, J. and Banin, A., 1986 Specific adsorption of Li, Na, K., Cs, and Sr to montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50 40 – 45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H. and Fripiat, J. J., 1979 Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-metallic Minerals Oxford Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Raussel-Colom, J. A., Serratosa, J. M. and Newman, A. C. D., 1987 Reactions of clays with organic substances Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals Essex Longmans Scientific and Technical 371 – 422.Google Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1974 The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Thomas, G. W., Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. and Keeney, D. R., 1982 Exchangeable cations Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 159 – 165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venugopal, J. S. and Nair, M. M., 1974 Preferential dye sorption in clay minerals by acid treatment Indian Mineral. 15 23 – 27.Google Scholar