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Use of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet for Determination of Exchangeable Cations in Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

G. Rytwo ,
C. Serban ,
S. Nir  and
L. Margulies
G. Rytwo
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
C. Serban
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
S. Nir
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
L. Margulies*
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
*
1Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Abstract

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A procedure for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the amounts of exchangeable cations adsorbed to montmorillonite is proposed. The method consists of a single incubation of the clay in a suspension containing a low concentration of an organic dye of large binding affinity, followed by analysis of the displaced inorganic cations by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICPES). The CEC is obtained by taking the largest sum of displaced exchangeable cations. Montmorillonite suspensions were incubated with methylene blue (MB) or crystal violet (CV) at dye concentrations below 4 mM, for one, three or fourteen days. For total dye concentrations up to the CEC, all the dye was adsorbed and equivalent amounts of exchangeable cations were released. Both dyes could adsorb to the clay in excess of the CEC.

After one day of incubation in the presence of dye concentrations of about 50% in excess of the CEC, the total amounts of cations released were reduced to below the CEC. This reduction was interpreted as due to massive aggregation of the clay particles induced by the dye. With CV the total amounts of cations released after three or fourteen days of incubation increased and became equal to the CEC.

The same CEC was found for Na-, Ca- and SWy1 crude-montmorillonite, by employing either of the dyes.

Keywords

Cation exchange capacityCrystal violetExchangeable cationsICPMethylene blueMontmorilloniteOrganic cations
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 39 , Issue 5 , October 1991 , pp. 551 - 555
Copyright
Copyright © 1991, The Clay Minerals Society

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