Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T21:48:21.142Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Use of Inorgano-Organo-Clays in the Removal of Priority Pollutants from Industrial Wastewaters: Structural Aspects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Keeran R. Srinivasan  and
H. Scott Fogler
Keeran R. Srinivasan
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
H. Scott Fogler
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Novel modified clay adsorbents were prepared by blocking cation-exchange sites of an expandable clay, such as montmorillonite, with polymeric or polyvalent inorganic ions and by using cationic surfactants as sources of surface organic carbon. Electrokinetic measurements demonstrated that the adsorbed polycations were essentially nonexchangeable. Adsorption and desorption experiments revealed that about 90% of the cationic surfactant was apparently irreversibly bound to the surface. Flocculation and peptization studies were performed to establish that the adsorbed surfactant moiety was oriented with its hydrocarbon tail towards the surface. Such a configuration of simultaneously adsorbed polycations and cationic surfactants was designated as an inorgano-organo-clay (IOC). As shown in an accompanying paper, these IOCs bind priority pollutants as strongly as granulated activated carbon.

Keywords

AdsorptionChlorophenolsFlocculationHydroxy-AlInorgano-organo claysMontmorillonitePollutants
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 3 , June 1990 , pp. 277 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Boyd, S. A., Lee, J.-F. and Mortland, M. M., 1988 Attenuating organic contaminant mobility by soil modification Nature 333 345 – 347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, S. A., Shaobai, S. and Mortland, M. M., 1988 Pentachlorophenol sorption by organo-clays Clays & Clay Minerals 36 125 – 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cases, J. M., Levitz, P., Poirier, J. E., Damme, H. V. and Somasundaran, P., 1986 Adsorption of nonionic surfactants on mineral oxides Advances in Mineral Processing Colorado Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, Littleton 54 – 82.Google Scholar
Claesson, P. M., 1986 Forces between surfaces immersed in aqueous solutions .Google Scholar
Claesson, P. M., Blom, C. E., Herder, P. C. and Ninham, B. W., 1986 Interactions between dissimilar surfaces: One positively charged hydrophobic surface and one negatively charged hydrophilic surface J. Colloids Interface Sci 114 234 – 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claesson, P. M., Horn, R. G. and Pashley, R. M., 1984 Measurement of surface forces between mica sheets im-mersed in aqueous quarternary ammonium ion solutions J. Colloids Interface Sci 100 250 – 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clunie, J. S., Ingram, B. T., Parfitt, G. D. and Rochester, C. H., 1983 Adsorption non-ionic surfactants in Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface London Academic Press 105 – 152.Google Scholar
Delgado, A., Gonzalez-Caballero, F. and Bruque, J. M., 1986 On the zeta potential and surface charge density of mont-morillonite in aqueous electrolyte solutions J. Colloid Interface Sci 113 203 – 211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogler, H. S., Srinivasan, K. R., Peters, R. W. and Suzuki, T., 1986 Use of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of chlorinated dioxins and biphenyls from industrial wastewaters Proc. 3rd World Congress of Chemical Engineering 1986, Tokyo, Vol. 3 Tokyo, Japan Society of Chemical Engineers of Japan 623 – 627.Google Scholar
Fogler, H. S. and Srinivasan, K. R. (1988) Removal of trace pollutants with modified clay sorbents. U.S. Patent 4, 740, 488 April 26, 1988, 6 pp.Google Scholar
Foolad, H. R., 1984 Effects of surface and interlayer hy-droxy-Al polymers on cation exchange properties of mont-morillonite California University of California, Davis.Google Scholar
Glazman, Yu M Botsaris, G. D. and Dansky, P., 1986 The effect of non-ionic surface-active agents on the stability and coagulation of ferric hydroxide sols Colloids and Surfaces 21 431 – 446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenland, D. J. and Quirk, J. P., 1964 Determination of the total specific surface areas of soils by adsorption of cetyl pyridinium bromide J. Soil Sci 15 178 – 191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hachisu, S., Kitahara, A. and Watanabe, A., 1984 Electrokinetics Electrical Phenomena at Interfaces New York Marcel Dekker 115.Google Scholar
Horikawa, Y., Murray, R. S. and Quirk, J. P., 1988 The effect of electrolyte concentration on zeta potentials of homoionic montmorillonite and illite Colloids and Surfaces 32 181 – 195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hough, D. B., Rendall, H. M., Parfitt, G. D. and Rochester, C. H., 1983 Adsorption of ionic surfactants Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface London Academic Press 247 – 319.Google Scholar
Hunter, R. J., 1987 Transport properties of suspensions Foundation of Colloid Science, Vol. I Oxford, United Kingdom Clarendon Press 537.Google Scholar
Kay, B. D., 1972 Suspension stability and nature of hy-dration of Na/Al-alkylammonium montmorillonite J. Colloid Interface Sci 40 107 – 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopal, L. K. and Keltjens, L., 1986 Adsorption of ionic surfactants on charged solids: Adsorption models Colloids and Surfaces 17 371 – 388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, S., Mingins, J. and Bell, G. M., 1967 The discreteion effect in ionic double layer theory J. Electroanal. Chem 13 280 – 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., 1958 Movement and equilibrium of water in soil systems as affected by soil-water forces Highw. Res. Board Spec. Rept 40 55 – 64.Google Scholar
Low, P. F., 1981 The swelling of clay: III. Dissociation of exchangeable cations Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J 45 1074 – 1078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyklema, J. and Goodwin, J. W., 1982 Fundamentals of electrical double layers in colloidal systems Colloidal Dispersions Dorchester, United Kingdom Dorset Press 47.Google Scholar
Lyklema, J., Parfitt, G. D. and Rochester, C. H., 1983 Adsorption of small ions Adsorption from Solution at the Solid/Liquid Interface London Academic Press 223 – 246.Google Scholar
Moudgil, B. M., Soto, H., Somasundaran, P., Somasundaran, P. and Moudgil, B. M., 1987 Adsorption of surfactants on minerals Reagents in Mineral Technology New York Marcel Dekker 79 – 104.Google Scholar
Mysels, K. J. and Mukerjee, P., 1971 Critical micelle concentration of aqueous surfactant systems NBS Monograph 140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagarajan, R., Ruckenstein, E., Mittal, K. L. and Lindman, B., 1984 Selective solubilization in aqueous surfactant solutions Surfactants in Solution, Vol. 2 New York Plenum Press 923 – 947.Google Scholar
Nakamura, T. and Thomas, J. K., 1986 The interaction of alkylammonium salts with synthetic clays. A fluorescent and laser excitation study J. Phys. Chem 90 641 – 644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natarajan, R. and Schechter, R. S., 1987 Electrokinetic behavior of colloidal particles with thin ionic double layers AIChE Journal 33 1110 – 1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, T. F., 1988 Removal of dioxins from aqueous solutions by clays and hydroxy aluminum polymers .Google Scholar
Nolan, T. F., Srinivasan, K. R. and Fogler, H. S., 1989 Dioxin sorption by hydroxy-aluminum-treated clays Clays & Clay Minerals 37 487 194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pashley, R. M., 1985 Electromobility of mica particles dis-persed in aqueous solutions Clays & Clay Minerals 33 193 – 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srinivasan, K. R., Fogler, H. S., Rappe, C., Choudhary, G. and Keith, L. H., 1986 Removal of trace levels of 2, 3, 7, 8, -TCDD from industrial wastewaters by sorption on clay-based sorbents: Part I: Preparation and characterization of clay-based sorbents Chlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Perspective Chelsea, Michigan Lewis Publishers 519 – 530.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, K. R., Fogler, H. S., Rappe, C., Choudhary, G. and Keith, L. H., 1986 Removal of trace levels of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD from industrial wastewaters by sorption on clay-based sorbents: Part II: Binding of OCDD, 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and HCB to clay-based sorbents Chlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Perspective Chelsea, Michigan Lewis Publishers 531 – 539.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, K. R. and Fogler, H. S., 1987 Useoforgano-clays in the removal of toxic organics from industrial waste-waters: Effect of the orientation of surface organic carbon: Abstract 57E Annual Meeting of American Institute of Chemical Engineers 84.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, K. R. and Fogler, H. S., 1989 Use of modified clays for the removal and disposal of chlorinated dioxins and other priority pollutants from industrial wastewaters Chemosphere 18 333 – 342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srinivasan, K. R., Fogler, H. S., Gulari, E. G., Nolan, T. F. and Schultz, J. S., 1985 The removal of trace levels of dioxins from wastewater by sorption on modified clay Environ. Progress 4 239 – 245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H. and Newman, ACD, 1987 Dispersion and flocculation Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals New York Wiley 203.Google Scholar
Zielka, R. C. and Pinnavaia, T. J., 1988 Modified clays for the adsorption of environmental toxicants: Binding of chlorophenols to pillared, delaminated, and hydroxy-interlay-ered smectites Clays & Clay Minerals 36 403 – 408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar