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Surface area and layer charge of smectite from CEC and EGME/H2O-retention measurements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jan Środoń  and
Douglas K. McCarty
Jan Środoń*
Affiliation:
Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Senacka 1, 31002, Krakow, Poland
Douglas K. McCarty
Affiliation:
Chevron ETC, 3901 Briarpark, Houston, TX 77042, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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The total specific surface area (TSSA) and smectitic layer charge (Qs) calculated from the structural formulae and unit-cell dimensions of 12 pure smectite samples were used as a reference in the design and evaluation of TSSA and Qs measurement techniques based on cation exchange capacity (CEC), H2O retention at 47% RH, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) retention. A thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) technique was used to study the release of H2O from smectite on heating, and to introduce a correction for H2O remaining in the smectite after heating to 110°C, because the sample weight at this temperature has been used routinely as a reference in CEC and EGME sorption measurements. A temperature of 200°C was found to be the optimum reference for such measurements.

A good agreement between Qs from the structural formula and from CEC was obtained when this correction was applied. The TSSA of smectite was measured with similar accuracy (mean error of ±5–7%) by three techniques: (1) using mean H2O coverage; (2) using mean EGME coverage; and (3) using a combination of H2O coverage and CEC. A reduction of the mean error from 5–7% to 4% can be obtained by averaging these measurements, and a further reduction to 3% by introducing corrections for the dependence of H2O and EGME coverage on layer charge. The study demonstrates that Ca2+-smectite samples at 47% RH have H2O contents corresponding to 88–107% of the theoretical mass of a monolayer and offers an explanation of this variation.

Keywords

CECCharge DensityEGMELayer ChargeSmectiteSpecific Surface AreaWater Sorption
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 155 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

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