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Stacking Disorder in a Sedimentary Kaolinite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Toshihiro Kogure ,
Jessica Elzea-Kogel ,
Cliff T. Johnston  and
David L. Bish
Toshihiro Kogure*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Jessica Elzea-Kogel
Affiliation:
IMERYS, Sandersville, GA 31082, USA
Cliff T. Johnston
Affiliation:
Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
David L. Bish
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Although structural disorder in kaolinite has been investigated extensively, it is still not understood properly. To investigate the problem, a kaolinite specimen of sedimentary origin from Capim, Brazil, was examined, mainly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) along the Xi ([100], [110], and []) directions shows various features, from completely discrete patterns to heavily streaked ones along the c* direction, suggesting that the degree of stacking disorder is variable among individual grains. High-resolution TEM images indicate that stacking faults are mainly caused by disorder of alternating t1 (~ −a/3) and t2 (−a/3 +b/3) layer displacements. Furthermore, stacking faults have been observed (1) as isolated stacking faults (e.g. insertion of an isolated t2 `fault' in an ordered sequence with t1 layer displacement) and (2) as interstratification of two kinds of multilayer blocks having regular t1 and t2 layer displacements. A mixture of grains with various degrees and modes of disorder with alternating t1 and t2 layer displacements may explain the experimental profile of the 02, 11 X-ray diffraction band.

Faults related to displacement of the octahedral vacancy and/or to layer rotation were also observed in HRTEM images. The SAED patterns along the Yi ([010], [310], and []) directions occasionally have extra spots and/or streaks, suggesting the presence of stacking sequences with (±60°, 180°) mutual layer rotation and/or with (0, ±b/3) layer displacements. The local dickite or nacrite-like fragments formed by these faults are in qualitative agreement with recent low-temperature FTIR results from this sample, where distinct ν(OH) absorption bands reflect multiple interlayer O-H⋯O environments that are possibly ascribed to dickite and nacrite.

Keywords

FTIRHRTEMKaoliniteSAEDStacking Fault
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 62 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2010

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