Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:46:37.935Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Size of Mica Domains and Distribution of the Adsorbed Na-Ca Ions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

I. Lebron ,
D. L. Suarez ,
C. Amrhein  and
J. E. Strong
I. Lebron
Affiliation:
U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
D. L. Suarez
Affiliation:
U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, California 92501
C. Amrhein
Affiliation:
University of California-Riverside, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Riverside, California 92521
J. E. Strong
Affiliation:
University of California-Riverside, Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Riverside, California 92521
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Mica domains have received less attention in the literature than smectite quasi-crystals. This study was conducted to determine whether mica crystals form domains in suspension, the conditions in which those domains exist, and the distribution of adsorbed Na and Ca ions in the domains. Particle size distributions and electrophoretic mobilities (EM) of Silver Hill illite in suspension densities of 0.5 g liter−1 were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Solutions at salt concentration from 2 to 10 mmolc liter−1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from 0 to ∞ (mmol liter−1)0.5, and pH values 5, 7, and 9 were used to prepare the clay suspensions. The particle size of Silver Hill illite suspensions showed a bimodal distribution. Through PCS measurements at low angles, the second peak of the bimodal distribution of the illite was found to be associated with the rotational movement of the b-dimension of the particles. Illite domains broke down in the range of SAR 10 to 15 (mmol liter−1)0.5 equivalent to exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) of 13 to 18. Illite thus demonstrates a similar stability to smectites that require ESP ≈ 15 to disaggregate quasi-crystals. The EM of the illite particles increased drastically when the SAR increased from 2 to 10 (mmol liter−1)0.5. This increase in EM could not be explained exclusively by the change in the particle size. Cation demixing is required to explain the increase of the zeta potential at the shear plane. The EM of the Silver Hill illite was doubled when the pH increased from 5 to 9 at SAR > 15, but no pH effect was found when SAR < 15. The effect of pH on the EM at SAR values > 15 can be understood if we consider that at SAR > 15 most of the particles are single platelets. The relative importance of variable charge on single platelets or crystals is apparently greater than on domains because the pH affected the mobility of the individual crystals but not the mobility of the domains. The combination of particle size distribution and EM data gives additional information about the zero point of charge of the variable charge, also called point of zero net proton charge (PZNPC) of the clay. For Silver Hill illite, we estimate a PZNPC value between 5 and 7.

Keywords

Electrophoretic mobilityMica domainsPhoton correlation spectroscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 380 - 388
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Amrhein, C. and Suarez, D. L., 1991 Sodium-calcium exchange with anion exclusion and weathering corrections Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55 698 – 706 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030010x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aylmore, L A G and Quirk, J. P., 1962 The structural status of clay systems New York Pergamon Press 104 – 130.Google Scholar
Aylmore, LAG Sills, I. D. and Quirk, J. P., 1970 Surface area of homoionic illite and montmorillonite clay minerals as measured by the sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide Clays & Clay Minerals 18 91 – 96 10.1346/CCMN.1970.0180204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-On, P., Shainberg, I. and Michaeli, I., 1970 Electrophoretic mobility of montmorillonite particles saturated with Na/Ca ions J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 33 3 471 – 472 10.1016/0021-9797(70)90241-9.Google Scholar
Blackmore, A. V. and Miller, R. D., 1961 Tactoid size and osmotic swelling in calcium montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 25 69 – 173 10.2136/sssaj1961.03615995002500030009x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, H. Z., Carlson, F. D., Herbert, T. J. and Woods, G., 1969 Translational and rotational diffusion constants of tobacco mosaic virus from rayleigh linewidths Biophysical J. 9 518 – 546 10.1016/S0006-3495(69)86402-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, S. and Forster, H. S., 1990 Flocculation of reference clays and arid-zone soil clays Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 714 – 718 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400030014x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, R S B Posner, A. M., Quirk, J. P., Emerson, W. W., Bond, R. D. and Dexter, A. R., 1979 A study of the coagulation of montmorillonite and illite suspensions by calcium chloride using the electron microscope Modification of Soil Structure New York John Wiley & Sons 35 – 40.Google Scholar
Hallett, F. R., Craig, T., Marsh, J. and Nickel, B., 1989 Particle size analysis: Number distributions by dynamic light scattering Can. J. of Spectrosc. 34 63 – 70.Google Scholar
Henry, D.C., (1931) The cataphoresis of suspended particles. Part 1. The equation of cataphoresis: Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. A 133, p. 106.Google Scholar
King, T. A. Knox, A. and McAdam, J DG, 1973 Translational and rotational diffusion of tobacco mosaic virus from polarized and depolarized light scattering Biopolymers 12 1917 – 1926 10.1002/bip.1973.360120817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lebron, I. and Suarez, D. L., 1992 Electrophoretic mobility of illite and micaceous soil clays Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56 1106 – 1115 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600040016x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebron, I. and Suarez, D. L., 1992 Variations in soil stability within and among soil types Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56 1412 – 1421 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600050014x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montgomery, D. C., 1984 Design and analysis of experiments New York John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Norrish, K. and Quirk, J. P., 1954 Crystalline swelling of montmorillonite Nature 173 225 – 226 10.1038/173225a0.Google Scholar
Overbeek, J. Th. G., 1952 Stability of hydrophobic colloids and emulsions Colloid Science 1 302 – 341.Google Scholar
Pecora, R., 1968 Spectral distribution of light scattered by monodisperse rigid rods J. Chem. Phys. 48 4126 – 4128 10.1063/1.1669748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecora, R. and Dahneke, B. E., 1983 Quasi-elastic light scattering of macro-molecules and particles in solution and suspension Measurement of Suspended Particles by Quasi-elastic Light Scattering New York John Wiley & Sons 3 – 30.Google Scholar
Quirk, J. P., 1968 Particle interaction and swelling Israel J. Chem. 6 213 – 234 10.1002/ijch.196800033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, J. P. and Aylmore, L. A. G., 1971 Domains and quasi-crystalline regions in clay systems Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 35 652 – 654 10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500040046x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rarity, J. G., 1986 Measurement of the radii of low axial ratio ellipsoids using cross-correlation spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 85 2 733 – 746 10.1063/1.451280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute, SAS Users Guide: Statistics 1985 5th ed. Cary, North Carolina SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Secor, R. B. and Radke, C. J., 1985 Spillover of the diffuse double layer on montmorillonite particles J. of Colloid and Interface Sci. 103 237 – 244 10.1016/0021-9797(85)90096-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I. and Otoh, H., 1968 Size and shape of montmorillonite particles saturated with Na/Ca ions (inferred from viscosity and optical measurements) Israel J. of Chemistry 6 251 – 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Olphen, M., 1977 An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry New York John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Van Zanten, J. H. and Elimelech, M., 1992 Determination of absolute coagulation rate constants by multiangle light scattering J. of Colloid and Interface Sci. 154 1 1 – 7 10.1016/0021-9797(92)90072-T.CrossRefGoogle Scholar