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Rotationally Disordered Illite/Smectite in Paleozoic K-Bentonites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Douglas K. McCarty  and
R. C. Reynolds Jr.
Douglas K. McCarty
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
R. C. Reynolds Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
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Abstract

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The three-dimensional crystal structure of rotationally disordered illite/smectite (I/S) in K-bentonite samples from the Appalachian basin and neighboring areas is described using the parameters of 1) P0, the proportion of zero-degree layer stacking rotations, such as in the polytype series 1Md-1M; 2) Pcv, the proportion of 2:1 layers with cis-vacant (cv) octahedral sites that are randomly interstratified with trans-vacant (tv) layers; and 3) P60 the proportion of layers with n·60° rotations (as opposed to n·120°) in the rotated layers. These parameters were determined by computer modeling of experimental randomly oriented powder X-ray diffraction patterns.

The proportion of cv interstratification in the I/S increases with A1 and decreases with Mg and Fe content. The proportion of n·60° rotations in the rotated layers increases with Mg and Fe content. The cv 120° disordered structure correlates with tetrahedral A1 for Si substitution and increasing tetrahedral charge. The tv n·60° disordered structures correlate with octahedral Mg for A1 substitution. The data indicate that the type of unit cell and nature of rotational disorder in I/S is controlled by the octahedral Mg content. The three-dimensional structures do not show any systematic correlation with Reichweite and percent expandability as determined from diffraction patterns of oriented sample preparations.

Keywords

BentoniteCis-vacant octahedraCrystal structureIllite/SmectitePolytypeRotational disorderX-ray diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 43 , Issue 3 , June 1995 , pp. 271 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © 1995, The Clay Minerals Society

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