Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T17:13:01.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rheological Behavior of Na-Montmorillonite Suspensions at Low Electrolyte Concentration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

J. S. Chen ,
J. H. Cushman  and
P. F. Low
J. S. Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
J. H. Cushman
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
P. F. Low*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
*
1Corresponding author.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The prevailing concept that positive-edge to negative-face attraction accounts for the rheological behavior of montmorillonite suspensions at low electrolyte concentration was investigated. In one experiment, Mg2+ released from Na-montmorillonite was measured at several NaCl concentrations; in a second experiment, the viscosity, η, and the extrapolated shear stress, θ, were measured at several clay concentrations, pHs, and NaCl concentrations; and in a third experiment, the absorbance, A, was measured at two wavelengths (450 and 760 nm) at different clay and electrolyte concentrations. The released Mg2+ decreased with increasing NaCl concentration until it became zero at a NaCl concentration between 0.01 and 0.02 M, depending on pH. Thereafter, it increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Both θ and η were highly correlated with the amount of released Mg2+. Also, A remained constant until the NaCl concentration corresponded to that at the minimum of θ. Thereafter, it increased and became linearly related to θ. These results suggest: (1) positive-edge to negative-face interaction cannot solely account for the rheological properties of montmorillonite at low electrolyte concentration, and (2) the release of octahedral Mg2+ from montmorillonite affects θ, because it reduces the negative charge on the particles and, thereby, the repulsive force between them.

Keywords

ElectrolyteMontmorilloniteParticle attractionRheologyShearViscosity
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , February 1990 , pp. 57 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Akae, T. and Low, P. F., 1988 Interparticle bond energy and rheological properties of clay suspensions J. Colloid Interface Sci. .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banin, A., 1968 Ion exchange isotherms of montmorillonite and structural factors affecting them Israel J. Chem. 6 27 – 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barshad, I., 1960 Significance of the presence of exchangeable magnesium ions in acidified clays Science 131 988 – 990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cebula, D. J. and Ottewill, R. H., 1981 Neutron diffraction studied on lithium montmorillonite-water dispersions Clays & Clay Minerals 29 73 – 75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, N. T. and Craig, D., 1961 The spontaneous alteration of hydrogen clay Soil Sci. 9 14 – 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eeckman, J. P. and Laudelot, H., 1960 Chemical stability of hydrogen-montmorillonite suspensions Kolloid-Zeitschrift 178 99 – 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, W. R., Savings, J. G. and Waite, J. M., 1955 Lattice expansion and rheological behavior relationships in water-montmorillonite systems Clays and Clay Minerals. Proc. 3rd Natl. Conf., Houston, Texas, 1954 395 296 – 316.Google Scholar
Frenkel, H. and Suarez, D. L., 1977 Hydrolysis and decomposition of calcium montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 41 887 – 891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, T., 1960 An extension of Goodeve’s impulse theory of viscosity to pseudoplastic systems J. Colloid Sci. 15 219 – 231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasstone, S., 1946 Textbook of Physical Chemistry New York van Nostrand 961 – 963.Google Scholar
Goodeve, C. F., 1939 A general theory of thixotropy and viscosity Trans. Faraday Soc. 35 342 – 358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodeve, S. R., 1949 The mechanism of thixotropic and plastic flow Proc. Int. Rheol. Congr. (Holland), 1948, Part 2 Amsterdam North Holland Publishing 5 – 11.Google Scholar
Hunter, R. J. and Nicol, S. K., 1968 The dependence of plastic flow behavior of clay suspension on surface properties J. Colloid Interface Sci. 28 250 – 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamil, J. and Shainberg, I., 1968 Hydrolysis of sodium montmorillonite in sodium chloride solutions Soil Sci. 106 193 – 199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., 1955 The role of aluminum in the titration of bentonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 19 135 – 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., 1968 Mineralogical data requirements in soil physical investigations Mineralogy in Soil Science and Engineering Wisconsin Madison 1 – 34.Google Scholar
Low, P. F., 1980 The swelling of clay: II. Montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 44 667 – 676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
M’Ewen, M. B. and Mould, D. L., 1957 Gelation of montmorillonite, II. The nature of the interparticle forces in soils of Wyoming bentonite Trans. Faraday Soc. 53 548 – 564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
M’Ewen, M. B. and Pratt, M. I., 1957 The gelation of montmorillonite, I. The formation of a structural framework in soils of Wyoming bentonite Trans. Faraday Soc. 53 535 – 547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, R. J., 1965 Mechanisms for hydrogen to aluminum transformations of clays Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 29 36 – 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neumann, B. S. and Sansom, K. G., 1971 The rheological properties of dispersions of laponite, a synthetic hectoritelike clay, in electrolyte solutions Clay Miner. 9 231 – 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K., 1954 The swelling of montmorillonite Disc. Faraday Soc. 18 120 – 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ottewill, R. H., Rastogi, M. C. and Watanabe, A., 1960 Stability of hydrophobic sols in the presence of surface active agents, I. Theoretical treatment Trans. Faraday Soc. 56 854 – 865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rand, B., Pekenc, E., Goodwin, J. W. and Smith, R. B., 1980 Investigation into the existence of edge-face coagulated structures in Na-montmorillonite suspensions J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 76 225 – 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reerink, H. and Overbeek, J. Th. G., 1954 The rate of coagulation as a measure of the stability of silver iodide sols Disc. Faraday Soc. 18 74 – 84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Savins, J. G. and Roper, W. F., 1954 A direct-indicating viscometer for drilling fluids Proc. Amer. Petrol. Inst., Sect. IV 7 – 22.Google Scholar
Schofield, R. K. and Samson, H. R., 1953 The deflocculation of kaolinite suspensions and the accompanying change-over from positive to negative chloride adsorption Clay Minerals Bull. 2 45 – 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I., 1973 Rate and mechanism of Na-montmorillonite hydrolysis in suspensions Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 37 689 – 694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I., Low, P. F. and Kaikafi, U., 1974 Electrochemistry of sodium-montmorillonite suspension: I. Chemical stability of montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 38 751 – 755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessier, D., Pedro, G., Olphen, H. v. and Veniale, F., 1982 Electron microscopy study of Na smectite fabric-role of layer charge, salt concentration, and suction parameters Proc. Inti. Clay Conf, Bologna and Pavia, 1981 Amsterdam Elsevier 145 – 176.Google Scholar
van Olphen, H., 1956 Forces between suspended bentonite particles Clays and Clays Minerals. Proc. 4th Natl. Conf, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1956 204 – 224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H., 1977 Clay Colloid Chemistry 2nd ed. New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Verway, E. J. W. and Overbeek, J. Th. G., 1948 Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids New York Elsevier.Google Scholar
Void, M. J., 1957 The van der Waals’ interaction of anisometric colloidal particles Proc. Indian. Acad. Sci. 46A 152 – 156.Google Scholar