Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T17:28:39.719Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Removal of Fe From Kaolin by Chemical Leaching and Bioleaching

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Volkan Arslan  and
Oktay Bayat
Volkan Arslan*
Affiliation:
General Directorate of Minerals Research and Exploration, Adana 01360, Turkey
Oktay Bayat
Affiliation:
Mining Engineering Department, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The use of microorganisms to remove Fe (oxyhydr)oxides from kaolins has the potential to be an effective method for upgrading the whiteness and brightness, and therefore the commercial value, of the kaolin. The purpose of the present study was to compare kaolin products obtained by currently used chemical leaching methods with a bioleaching treatment using Aspergillus niger in order to remove Fe from kaolin (from Canakkale, Turkey). The effects of pulp density, temperature, and oxalic acid concentration on the chemical leaching experiments were investigated using the ANOVA-Yates test. The greatest degree of removal of Fe from the kaolin sample (at 15% w/v pulp density, temperature of 80°C, oxalic acid concentration of 0.2 M, and a particle size of <63 µm) was found to be 94.89% in 120 min of leaching. The Fe content decreased from 1.723%) Fe2O3 to 0.088% Fe2O3. In a shake flask, bioleaching of kaolin by Aspergillus niger resulted in removal of 77.13% of the total Fe, suggesting that this strain is effective at removing Fe impurities from kaolin. The removal efficiency generally decreased with increased pulp density. The Fe content of the kaolin decreased from 1.723% Fe2O3 to 0.394% Fe2O3 (at 1% w/v pulp density, temperature of 25°C, Aspergillus niger 3 × 107 spores, and particle size of <63 µm) after 21 days of bioleaching.

Keywords

Aspergillus nigerBioleachingChemical LeachingKaolinYates’ Technique
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 57 , Issue 6 , December 2009 , pp. 787 - 794
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2009

References

Avgustinik, A.I., 1983 Cerámica .Google Scholar
Barker, W.W. Welch, S.A. Chu, S. and Banfield, J.F., 1998 Experimental observations of the effects of bacteria aluminosilicate weathering American Mineralogist 83 1551–1563 10.2138/am-1998-11-1243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blancarte-Zurita, M.A. Branion, R.M.R. Lawrence, R.W., Lawrence, R.W. Branion, R.M.R. Ebner, H.G., 1987 Application of a shrinking particle model to the kinetics of microbiological leaching Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy Amsterdam Elsevier Science Publishers 243–253.Google Scholar
Bosshard, P.B. Bachofen, R. and Brandl, H., 1996 Metal leaching of fly ash from municipal waste incineration by Aspergillus niger Environmental Science & Technology 30 3066–3070 10.1021/es960151v.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Box, G.E.P. Hunter, W.G. and Hunter, J.S., 1978 Statistics for Experiments New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Cameselle, C. Nunez, M.J. and Lema, J.M., 1997 Leaching of kaolin iron-oxides with organic acids Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 70 349–354 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199712)70:4<349::AID-JCTB791>3.0.CO;2-4.3.0.CO;2-4>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameselle, C. Bohlmann, J.T. Nunez, M.J. and Lema, J.M., 1998 Oxalic acid production by Aspergillus niger, Part I. Influence of sucrose and milk whey as carbon source Bioprocess Engineering 19 247–252.Google Scholar
Cameselle, C. Ricart, M.T. Nunez, M.J. and Lema, J.M., 2003 Iron removal from kaolin: comparison between “in situ” and “two-stage” bioleaching processes Hydrometallurgy 97–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleland, W.W. and Johnson, M.J., 1955 Studies on the formation of oxalic acid by Aspergillus niger Journal of Biological Chemistry 201 595–606.Google Scholar
Cochran, W.G. and Cox, G.M., 1957 Experimental Designs 2nd New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Conley, R.F. and Lloyd, M.K., 1970 Improvement in iron leaching in clays: optimizing processing parameters in sodium dithionite reduction Industrial Engineering Chemical Process Design and Development 9 595–601 10.1021/i260036a017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, C., 1976 Application of Statistics to Industrial Experimentation New York Wiley 10.1002/9780470316467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, P. Ray, H.S. Tripathy, A.K., Tripathy, A.K. Datta, P. Ray, H.S., 1995 Application of statistical design of experiments in process investigation Quantitative Approaches in Process Metallurgy Dehli Applied Publishers 243–253.Google Scholar
Davis, O.L., 1978 The Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments 2nd London Longman Group.Google Scholar
Froment, G.F. and Bischoff, K.B., 1979 Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design New York J. Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Gou, M.X. Zheng, J. Zeng, M. Qu, H.Q. and Jia, G.R., 1993 The magnetic circuit calculation and technical properties of a newly designed commercial sized metal-belt-type high gradient magnetic separator Coal Science of Minerals Technology 21 603–614 10.1016/B978-0-444-81476-0.50053-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grimshaw, R.W., 1971 Physics and Chemistry of Clay 4th London Ernest Benn.Google Scholar
Groudev, S.N., 1987 Use of heterotrophic microorganisms in mineral biotechnology Acta Biotechnology 7 299–306 10.1002/abio.370070404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hui, X. and Wei, K., 1993 A study of iron removal from fine kaolin by two-liquid flotation XV III International Mineral Processing Congress 5 1389–1393.Google Scholar
Kostka, J.E. Wu, J. Nealson, K.H. and Stucki, J.W., 1999 The impact of structural Fe(III) reduction by bacteria on the surface chemistry of clay minerals Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63 3705–3713 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00199-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubicek, C.P. Kunar, G.S. Wohrer, W. and Rohr, M., 1988 Evidence for a cytoplasmatic pathway of oxalate biosynthesis in Aspergillus niger Applied Environmental Microbiology 54 633–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, E.Y. Cho, K.S. and Ryu, H.W., 2002 Microbial refinement of kaolin by iron-reducing bacteria Applied Clay Science 22 47–53 10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00111-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulligan, C.N. Kamali, M. and Gibbs, B.F., 2004 Bioleaching of heavy metals from a low-grade mining ore using Aspergillus niger Journal of Hazardous Materials 110 77–84 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.040.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murad, E., 1987 Mössbauer spectra of nontronites structural implications and characterization of associated iron oxides Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernähr Bodenkdunde 150 279–285 10.1002/jpln.19871500503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Povlov, V.F. and Meshcheryakova, V., 1983 Reducing the coloring effects of iron oxides in porcelain bodies Glass Ceramic 40 50–152.Google Scholar
Ratzenberger, H., 1988 The influence of the mineralogical composition of structural ceramics and heavy clay materials on kiln scumming and efflorescence Ziegelind International 41 99–105.Google Scholar
Stepkowska, E.T. and Jefferis, S.A., 1992 Influence of microstructure on firing color of clays Applied Clay Science 6 319–342 10.1016/S0169-1317(09)90007-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strasser, H. Burstaller, W. and Shinner, F., 1994 High-yield production of oxalic acid for metal leaching processes by Aspergillus niger FEMS Microbiology Letters 119 365–370 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06914.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Štyriaková, I. and Štyriak, I., 2000 Iron removal from kaolins by bacterial leaching Ceramics 44 135–141.Google Scholar
Veglio, F. Pagliarini, A. and Toro, L., 1993 Factorial experiments for the development of kaolin bioleaching process International Journal of Mineral Processing 39 87–99 10.1016/0301-7516(93)90054-E.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, F. (1976) Design and Analysis of a Factorial Experiment. Imperial Bureau of Soil Science, 485 pp., Harpenden, UK.Google Scholar