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Relationship Between Cation Exchange Selectivity and Crystalline Swelling in Expanding 2:1 Phyllosilicates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

David A. Laird  and
Chao Shang
David A. Laird
Affiliation:
USDA, ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011
Chao Shang
Affiliation:
Northern Agriculture Research Center, Agriculture Canada P.O. Box 29, Bearverlodge, Alberta, Canada TOH OCO
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Abstract

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A theoretical model describing the interaction between crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity is proposed for expanding 2:1 phyllosilicates. The model is based on the assumption that changes in basal spacing of a clay are phase changes, and that each phase of a clay has a different selectivity constant for a particular cation exchange reaction. Energy barriers stabilize the various phases over a limited range of interlayer ionic composition. These energy barriers cause hysteresis in crystalline swelling, which in turn causes hysteresis in cation exchange. Results are presented for an experiment involving Ba-Mg exchange on a synthetic fiuoro-hectorite. The results demonstrate key aspects of the proposed model, including a correlation between measured selectivity coefficients and basal spacings (R2 = 0.85), an abrupt change in basal spacing that corresponds with an abrupt change in selectivity and corresponding hysteresis in crystalline swelling and cation exchange selectivity. The results also demonstrate increased selectivity for the preferred cation (Ba) at high solution mole fraction of the preferred cation. This trend is opposite of that observed for heterogeneous natural smectites but consistent with predictions of the model for a homogeneous smectite.

Keywords

Cation Exchange SelectivityCrystalline SwellingDemixingFixationIon Exchange HysteresisLayer ChargeSmectite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 681 - 689
Copyright
Copyright © 1997, The Clay Minerals Society

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