Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T17:16:16.891Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reactions of Polynuclear Hydroxyaluminum Cations with Montmorillonite and the Formation of A 28-Å Pillared Complex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

S. Shah Singh  and
H. Kodama
S. Shah Singh
Affiliation:
Land Resource Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
H. Kodama
Affiliation:
Land Resource Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Polynuclear hydroxy-Al cations were prepared by partially neutralizing dilute solutions of aluminum chloride. These cations were introduced in the interlayer space of montmorillonite by cation exchange, which formed heat-stable pillars between the silicate layers. Polynuclear hydroxy-Al was preferentially adsorbed on montmorillonite compared with monomer-Al; the maximum amount adsorbed was ∼400 meq/100 g of montmorillonite. Of this amount 320 meq was non-exchangeable. The 001 X-ray powder diffraction reflection of the polynuclear hydroxy-Al-montmorillonite complex was at 27 Å, with four additional higher-order basal reflections, giving an average d(001) value of 28.4 Å. This complex was thermally stable to 700°C. An analysis of the basal reflections by the Fourier transform method indicated that the 28-Å complex had a relatively regular interstratified structure of 9.6- and 18.9-Å component layers with a mixing ratio of 0.46:0.54. This ratio implies that the hydroxy-Al pillars occupied every second layer. Considering the relatively small amount of Al adsorbed and the thermally stable nature of the structure, the hydroxy-Al pillars must have been sparsely but homogeneously distributed in the interlayer space.

Keywords

Fourier transformHydroxy-AlMontmorillonitePillared interlayer complexThermal stability
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , October 1988 , pp. 397 - 402
Copyright
Copyright © 1988, The Clay Minerals Society

Footnotes

1

Land Resource Research Centre Contribution 87–89.

References

Alexander, L. E., 1969 X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Aveston, J., 1965 Hydrolysis of the aluminum ion: Ultracentrifugation and acidity measurements J. Chem. Soc. 4438 – 4443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, S. W., Brindley, G. W., Kodama, H. and Martin, R. T., 1982 Report of The Clay Minerals Society Nomenclature Committee for 1980–1981 Clays & Clay Minerals 30 76 – 78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnhisel, R. I. and Rich, C. I., 1966 Preferential hydroxyaluminum interlayering in montmorillonite and vermiculite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 20 35 – 39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W. and Kao, C. C., 1980 Formation, compositions, and properties of hydroxyl-Al- and hydroxy-Mg-montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals 28 435 – 442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brossett, C., Biedermann, G. and Sillen, L. G., 1954 Studies on the hydrolysis of metal ions: XI. The aluminum ion, Al3+ Acta Chem. Scand. 8 1917 – 1926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brydon, J. E. and Kodama, H., 1966 The nature of aluminum hydroxide-montmorillonite complexes Amer. Mineral. 51 875 – 889.Google Scholar
Johansson, G., 1960 On the crystal structures of some basic aluminum salts Acta Chem. Scand. 14 771 – 773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahav, N., Shani, U. and Shabtai, J., 1978 Cross-linked smectites. 1. Synthesis and properties of hydroxy-aluminum montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals 26 107 – 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C., 1956 Fourier transform methods for studying scattering from lamellar systems. A direct method for analyzing interstratified mixtures Kolloidzeitschrift 149 96 – 108.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C. and Brown, G., 1961 Montmorillonite minerals The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals London Mineralogical Society 143.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C. Wilson, M. J., Brindley, G. W. and Brown, G., 1980 Interlayer and intercalation complexes of clay minerals Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matijević, E., Mathai, K. G., Ottewill, R. H. and Kerker, M., 1961 Detection of metal ion hydrolysis by coagulation. III. Aluminum J. Phys. Chem. 65 826 – 830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okura, T., Goto, K. and Yotuyanagi, T., 1962 Forms of aluminum determined by an 8-quinolinolate extraction method Anal. Chem. 34 581 – 582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinnavaia, T. J., 1982 Intercalation of molecular catalysts in layered silicates ACS Symp. Ser. 192 241 – 253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinnavaia, T. J., 1983 Intercalated clay catalysts Science 220 365 – 371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinnavaia, T. J., Raythatha, R., Guo-Shuh Lee, R., Halloran, L. J. and Hoffman, J. F., 1979 Intercalation of catalytically active metal complexes in mica-type silicates. Rhodium hydrogenation catalysts J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 101 6891 – 6897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plee, D., Gatineau, L. and Fripiat, J. J., 1987 Pillaring processes of smectites with and without tetrahedral substitution Clays & Clay Minerals 35 81 – 88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, B. L., 1968 Aluminum interlayers in layer silicates. Effect of OH/Al ratio of Al solution, time of reaction, and type of structure Clays & Clay Minerals 16 157 – 163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, M. J. and Rich, C. I., 1962 Aluminum fixation in montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 26 33 – 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sillen, L. G., 1959 Quantitative studies of hydrolytic equilibria Quart. Rev. 13 146 – 168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S. S. and Brydon, J. E., 1967 Precipitation of aluminum by calcium hydroxide in the presence of Wyoming bentonite and sulfate ions Soil Sci. 103 162 – 167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S. S. and Kodama, H., 1972 Hydroxy aluminum sulfate-montmorillonite complex Can. J. Soil Sci. 52 209 – 218.Google Scholar
Slaughter, M., Milne, I. H. and Swineford, A., 1960 Formation of chloritelike structures from montmorillonite Clays & Clay Minerals, Proc. 7th Natl. Conf, Washington D.C., 1958 New York Pergamon Press 114 – 124.Google Scholar
Turner, R. C., 1969 Three forms of aluminum in aqueous systems determined by 8-quinolinolate extraction methods Can. J. Chem. 47 2521 – 2527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, R. C., 1976 Effect of aging on properties of polynuclear hydroxy aluminum cations Can. J. Chem. 54 1528 – 1534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, R. C. and Sulaiman, W., 1971 Kinetics of reactions of 8-quinolinol and acetate with hydroxyaluminum species in aqueous solutions Can. J. Chem. 49 1683 – 1687.CrossRefGoogle Scholar