Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:49:13.916Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Origin and Mineralogy of Sepiolite and Palygorskite From the Tuluanshan Formation, Eastern Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Ming Kuang Wang ,
Pao Chung Tseng ,
Shyun Sheng Chang ,
Dah Tong Ray ,
Yen Hong Shau ,
Yun Wei Shen ,
Ruey Chyong Chen  and
Po Neng Chiang
Ming Kuang Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
Pao Chung Tseng
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
Shyun Sheng Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
Dah Tong Ray
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
Yen Hong Shau
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaoshiung 80424, Taiwan
Yun Wei Shen
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101
Ruey Chyong Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
Po Neng Chiang
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
†Present address: Exploration and Development Research Center, Chinese Petroleum Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Tuluanshan Formation of the eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan overlies an andesitic core complex presumed to be the source of hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Si- and Mg-rich mineralization of sepiolite and palygorskite (attapulgite) which are found in veins within fissures and in fracture zones of the volcanic rocks of the region. This study was undertaken in order to understand these relationships better by characterizing sepiolite and palygorskite in this Formation and by examining their occurrence and distribution in the Tungho (TH) and Chunjih (CJ) areas. Samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and petrographic, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopic methods. Sepiolite and palygorskite are blocky and earthy-type materials that display fibrous characteristics when viewed using TEM and SEM and occurred alone or with chalcedony in veins. The fibers of blocky sepiolite are commonly intercalated with smectite but the earthy type of sepiolite and palygorskite observed in this study displayed precipitation from fluid enriched in Si, Al, Mg, and minor Fe and depleted in other ions at an earlier stage of offset of the andesitic veins. Continuation of reverse faulting and high shearing stress caused the precipitation of a significant quantity of interlaminated sepiolite. Sepiolite and palygorskite were formed at an earlier stage of fluid interaction relative to smectite in the Tuluanshan Formation.

Keywords

AlterationAndesiteSEMTEMSmectiteTaiwanTuluanshan Formation
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 57 , Issue 5 , October 2009 , pp. 521 - 530
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2009

References

Ahlrichs, J.L. Serna, C. and Serratosa, J.M., 1975 Structural hydroxyls in sepiolite Clays and Clay Minerals 23 119–124 10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akbulut, A. and Kadir, S., 2003 The geology and origin of sepiolite, palygorskite and saponite in Neogene lacustrine sediments of the Serinhisar-Acipayam Basin, SW Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 51 279–292 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arranz, E. Lago, M. Bastida, J. Galé, C. Soriano, J. and Ubide, T., 2008 Hydrothermal macroscopic Fe-sepiolite from Oujda Mounts (Middle Atlas, Eastern Morocco) Journal of African Earth Sciences 52 81–88 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.05.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badraoui, M. Bloom, P.R. and Bouabid, R., 1992 Palygorskite-smectite association in Xerochrepts of the High Chaouia Region of Morocco Soil Science Society of America Journal 56 1640–1646 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600050051x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birsoy, R., 2002 Formation of sepiolite—palygorskite and related minerals from solution Clays and Clay Minerals 50 736–345 10.1346/000986002762090263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonatti, E. and Joensuu, O., 1968 Palygorskite from Altantic deep sea sediments American Mineralogist 53 975–983.Google Scholar
Bonatti, E. Simmons, E.C. Berger, D. Hamlyn, P.R. and Lawrence, J., 1983 Ultramafic rock—seawater interaction in the oceanic crust: Mg-silicate (sepiolite) deposit from Indian floor Earth and Planetary Science Letters 62 229–238 10.1016/0012-821X(83)90086-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, R.C., 1989 Mineralogical Study on the Sepiolite and Palygorskite from Tungho, Coastal Range of Taiwan Master Thesis Taipei, Taiwan National Taiwan University 108 pp.Google Scholar
Chen, R.C. and Tung, S.K., 1988 An occurrence of sepiolite from Tungho coastal range, eastern Taiwan and its tectonic implication Symposium on Arc-Continent Collision and Orogenic Sedimentation in Eastern Taiwan and Ancient Analogs New Jersey, USA Princeton University 26 pp.Google Scholar
Chen, R.C., Yao, T.M., and Tien, P.L. (1988) Sepiolite from Tungho, coastal range, eastern Taiwan. Geological Society of China. Annual Meeting Program with Abstract, 57 pp.Google Scholar
Chi, W.R. (1981) Calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraph and stratigraphic correlation of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences in central, southern and eastern Taiwan. 10thConvention, Indonesian Petroleum Association, pp. 3–49.Google Scholar
De La Cuevas Villa, R.V. Ramirez, S. Petit, S. Meunier, A. and Leguey, S., 2003 Chemistry of Mg smectites in lacustrine sediments from the Vicalvatro sepiolite deposit, Madrid Neogene Basin (Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 51 457–472 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510413.Google Scholar
Ducloux, J. Delhoume, J.P. Petit, S. and Decarreau, A., 1995 Clay differentiation in Aridisols of northern Mexico Soil Science Society of America Journal 59 269–276 10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010043x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-Romero, E. Suarez, M. Santarten, J. and Alvarez, A., 2007 Crystallochemical characterization of palygorskite and sepiolite from the Allou Kagne deposit, Senegal Clays and Clay Minerals 55 606–617 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, D.C. Dixon, J.B. Shadfan, H. and Kippenberger, L.A., 1985 Palygorskite and sepiolite alteration to smectite under alkaline conditions Clays and Clay Minerals 33 44–50 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayashi, H. Otsuka, R. and Imai, N., 1969 Infrared study of sepiolite and palygorskite on heating America Mineralogist 54 1613–1624.Google Scholar
Ho, C.S., 1988 An Introduction to the Geology of Taiwan-Explanatory Text of the Geologic Map of Taiwan 2nd Taipei, Taiwan Published by Central Geological Survey, The Ministry of Economic Affairs 192 pp.Google Scholar
Hong, H.L. Yu, N. Xiao, P. Zhu, Y.H. Zhang, K.X. and Xiang, S.Y., 2007 Authigenic palygorskite in Miocene sediments in Linxia basin, Gansu, northwestern China Clay Minerals 42 45–58 10.1180/claymin.2007.042.1.04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.L., 1979 Soil Chemical Analysis, Advanced Course 2nd Madison, USA University of Wisconsin 497 pp.Google Scholar
Jamoussi, F. Aboud, A.B. and Lopez-Galindo, A., 2003 Palygorskite genesis through silicate transformation in Tunisian continental Eocene deposits Clay Minerals 35 433–441.Google Scholar
Kao, N.C. Wang, M.K. Chiang, P.N. and Chang, S.S., 2003 Characterization of wheat-rice-stone developed from porphyritic hornblende andesite Applied Clay Science 23 337–346 10.1016/S0169-1317(03)00123-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karakaya, N. Karakaya, M.C. Temel, A. and Kupeli, C.E., 2004 Mineralogical and chemical characterization of sepiolite occurrences at Karapinar (Konya Basin, Turkey) Clays and Clay Minerals 52 495–509 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkman, J.H. and Wallace, R.C., 1994 Palygorskite in the regolith from the Mocan desert, North Island, New Zealand Clay Minerals 29 265–272 10.1180/claymin.1994.029.2.12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolla, V. Kostecki, J. and Robinson, F., 1982 Distributions and origins of clay minerals and quartz in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 51 563–569.Google Scholar
Lee, J.C. Chu, H.T. Angellier, J. Hu, J.C. Chen, H.Y. and Yu, S.B., 2006 Quantitative analysis of surface coseismic faulting and post-seismic creep accompanying the 2003, Mw = 6.5, Chengkung eqrthquake in eastern Taiwan Journal of Geophysical Research 111 B02405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z. He, K. Yin, L. Xiong, F. and Zheng, Y.C., 2007 Crystallochemistry of Fe-rich palygorskite from eastern China Clay Minerals 42 453–461 10.1180/claymin.2007.042.4.03.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez-Aguayo, F. and Lopez-Gonzalez, J.M., 1995 Fibrous clays in the Almazan Basin (Iberian Range, Spain): Genetic pattern in calcareous lacustrine environment Clay Minerals 30 395–406 10.1180/claymin.1995.030.4.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monger, H.C. Lynn, W.C., Gile, L.H. and Ahrens, R.J., 1996 Clay mineralogy at the desert project and the Rincon surface study area Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph Lincoln, Nebraska, USA National Soil Survey Center 113–155 Vol. II.Google Scholar
Newman, A.C. Brown, G. and Newman, A.C.D., 1987 The chemical constitution of clays Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals London Mineralogical Society 1–128.Google Scholar
Pai, C.W. Wang, M.K. Wang, W.M. and Houng, K.H., 1999 Smectites in iron-rich calcareous soil and black soils of Taiwan Clays and Clay Minerals 47 389–398 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470401.Google Scholar
Paquet, H., 1983 Stability, instability and significance of attapulgite in the calcretes of Mediterranean and tropical area with marked dry season Sciences Géologiques Mémoires (Strasbourg) 72 131–140.Google Scholar
Preisinger, A., 1961 Sepiolite and related compounds: its stability and application. Proceedings of the 10th National Conference Clays and Clay Minerals 11 365–371 10.1346/CCMN.1961.0100132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romero, E.G. Barrios, M.S. and Bustillo Revueta, M.A., 2004 Characteristics of Mg-palygorskite in Miocene rocks, Madrid Basin (Spain) Clays and Clay Minerals 52 484–494 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez, C. and Galán, E., 1995 An approach to the genesis of palygorskite in a Neogene-Quaternary continental basin, using principal factor analysis Clay Minerals 30 225–238 10.1180/claymin.1995.030.3.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serna, C. Van Scoyoc, G.E. and Ahlrichs, J.L., 1977 Hydroxyl groups and water in palygorskite American Mineralogist 62 784–792.Google Scholar
Serratosa, J.M., Mortland, M.M. and Farmer, V.C., 1978 Surface properties of fibrous clay minerals (palygorskite and sepiolite) Proceedings of the International Clay Conference Amsterdam Elsevier Science 99–109.Google Scholar
Singer, A., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1989 Palygorskite and sepiolite group minerals Minerals in Soil Environments 2nd Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America 829–872.Google Scholar
Singer, A., Dixon, J.B. and Schulze, D.G., 2002 Palygorskite and sepiolite Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America 555–583.Google Scholar
Singer, A. and Norrish, K., 1974 Pedogenic palygorskite occurrences in Australia American Mineralogist 59 508–517.Google Scholar
Singer, A. Stahr, K. and Zarei, M., 1998 Characteristics and origin of sepiolite (Meerschaum) from Central Somalia Clay Minerals 33 349–361 10.1180/000985598545525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephen, L., 1954 An occurrence of palygorskite in the Shetland Isles Mineralogical Magazine 30 471–480 10.1180/minmag.1954.030.226.07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres-Ruiz, J. Lopez, A. and Gonzalez-Lopez, J.M., 1994 Geochemistry of Spanish sepiolite-plygorskite deposits: Genetic considerations based on trace elements and isotopes Chemical Geology 112 221–245 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90026-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Scoyoc, G.E. Serna, C.J. and Ahlrichs, J.L., 1979 Structural changes in palygorskite during dehydration and dehydroxylation America Mineralogist 64 215–223.Google Scholar
Vivaldi, M.J.L. Robertson, R.H. and Gard, J.A., 1971 Palygorskite and sepiolite (the hormites) The Electron-Optical Investigation of Clays London Mineralogical Society 255–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yalcin, H. and Bozkaya, O., 2004 Ultramafic-rock-hosted vein sepiolite occurrences in the Ankara Ophiolitic Melange, Central Anatolia, Turkey Clays and Clay Minerals 52 227–239 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yariv, S., 1986 Infrared evidence for the occurrence of SiO groups with double-bond character in antigorite, sepiolite and palygorskite Clay Minerals 21 925–936 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.5.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar