Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:27:09.070Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Optical Density of Vertisol Clay Suspensions in Relation to Sediment Volumes and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate-Extractable Iron

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Eyal Ben-Dor  and
Arieh Singer
Eyal Ben-Dor
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Arieh Singer
Affiliation:
The Seagram Center for Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Clay fractions of eight vertisols and vertisolic soils from Israel were found to consist principally of a Fe-rich beidellite. Sediment volumes of Na-clay suspensions, obtained in measuring cylinders and read every 24 hr for as long as 720 hr, ranged from 3.8 to 8.4 cm/l00 mg clay and were as much as 19 times larger than corresponding suspensions of Ca-clays. Optical density data for all clay suspensions showed absorption curves typical of smectite. The relative number of platelets per tactoid, calculated from optical density measurements, ranged between 1.4 and 5.4 for the Na-clays and between 7.4 and 14.1 for the Ca-clays. In the Ca-clays, the sediment volume decreased with an increase in the relative number of platelets per tactoid. With increase in the major dimension of particles (calculated also from optical density curves), sediment volume tended to increase for the Na-clays and decrease for the Ca-clays. These relationships can be explained on the basis of particle arrangement patterns: face-to-face arrangements dominated the Ca-clays and edge-to-edge and edge-to-face arrangements dominated the Na-clays. The amount of iron extractable in dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) correlated positively with the relative number of plates per tactoid and with the major dimensions of the particles in the Ca-clay suspensions. This correlation suggests that DCB-extractable iron affects the tactoid dimensions of Ca-clays from vertisols and, therefore, may also affect structural properties of vertisols.

Keywords

BeidelliteExtractable FeFabricOptical densityTactoidVertisol
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , August 1987 , pp. 311 - 317
Copyright
Copyright © 1987, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Alperovitch, N., Shainberg, I., Keren, R. and Singer, M. J., 1985 Effect of clay mineralogy and aluminum and iron oxides on the hydraulic conductivity of clay-sand mixtures Clays & Clay Minerals 33 443 – 450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banin, A. and Lahav, N., 1968 Particle size and optical properties of montmorillonite in suspension Israel J. Chemistry 6 235 – 250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banin, A. and Lahav, N., 1970 Optical density of mont-morillonite suspension during sodium-calcium exchange. A reply J. Colloid Interface Sci. 32 178 – 181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barshad, I., 1952 Temperature and heat of reaction calibration of the differential thermal analysis apparatus A mer. Mineral. 37 667 – 694.Google Scholar
Blackmore, A. V. and Miller, R. D., 1961 Tactoid size and osmotic swelling in calcium montmorillonite Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 25 169 – 173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borggaard, O. K., 1983 Iron oxides in relation to aggregation of soil particles Acta Agric. Scandinavia 33 257 – 260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, D. L., Heilman, M. D. and Gonzalez, C. L., 1965 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether for determining surface area of silicate minerals Soil Sci. 100 356 – 360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, H. D. and Black, C. A., 1965 Cation exchange capacity Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomy 9 Madison, Wisconsin Amer. Soc. of Agronomy 891 – 901.Google Scholar
Chen, Y., Snaked, D. and Banin, A., 1979 The role of structural iron(III) in the UV absorption by smectite Clay Miner. 14 93 – 101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, P. R. and Black, C. A., 1965 Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis Method of Soil Analysis, Agronomy 9 Madison, Wisconsin Amer. Soc. of Agronomy 545 – 566.Google Scholar
Dixon, J. B. and Kanwar, J. S., 1982 Mineralogy of vertisols Vertisolsand Rice Soils of Tropics Symposium, 12th Intern. Cong. Soil Sci., New Delhi, India, 1982 New Delhi Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 48 – 60.Google Scholar
Egashira, K. and Matsumoto, J., 1981 Relationship of the sediment volume of soil clays to surface area and mineralogical composition Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 27 289 – 294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egashira, K. and Ohtsubo, M., 1983 Swelling and miner-alogy of smectite in paddy soils derived from marine alluvium, Japan Geoderma 29 119 – 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Rayah, H. M. E. and Rowell, D. L., 1973 The influence of Fe and Al hydroxides on the swelling of montmorillonite and the permeability of a Na-soil J. Soil Sci. 24 137 – 144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, M. D., 1955 The relation between composition and swelling in clays: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 3rd Natl. Conf, Houston, Texas, 1953 Natl. Acad. Sci. Natl. Res. Cone. Publ. 345 205 – 220.Google Scholar
Frenkel, H. and Shainberg, I., 1980 The effect of hydroxy Al and Fe polymers on montmorillonite particle size Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 44 624 – 628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frenkel, H. and Shainberg, I., 1981 Structure formation upon mixing Na-montmorillonite with bi- and trivalent ion clays J. Soil Sci. 32 237 – 246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, B. A., Russell, J. B. and Fraser, A. R., 1976 A Mössbauer and I.R. spectroscopic study of the structure of nontronite Clays & Clay Minerals 24 53 – 59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbillon, A. J., Stucki, J. W., Goodman, B. A. and Schwertmann, U., 1985 Introduction to the surface charge properties of iron oxide and oxidic soils Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute, Bad Windsheim, 1985 The Netherlands Reidel, Dordrecht (in press).Google Scholar
Karickhoff, S. W. and Bailey, G. W., 1973 Optical absorption spectra of clay minerals Clays & Clay Minerals 21 59 – 70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahav, N. and Banin, A., 1968 Effect of various treatments on the optical properties of montmorillonite suspensions Israeli. Chemistry 6 285 – 294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, P. F., 1981 The swelling of clay—III: Dissociation of exchangeable cations Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 45 1074 – 1078.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeal, B. L., Layfleld, D. A., Norvell, W. A. and Rhoades, J. D., 1968 Factors influencing hydraulic conductivity of soils in the presence of mixed-salt solutions Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 32 187 – 190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehra, O. P., Jackson, M. L. and Swineford, A., 1960 Iron oxides removal from soils and clays by dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 7th Natl. Conf, Washington, D. C., 1958 New York Pergamon Press 317 – 327.Google Scholar
Oades, J. M., 1984 Interactions of polycations of aluminum and iron with clays Clays & Clay Minerals 32 49 – 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odom, J. W. and Low, P. F., 1978 Relation between swelling surface area and b dimension of Na-montmorillonites Clays & Clay Minerals 26 345 – 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. D., Goodman, B. A. and Fraser, A. R., 1979 Infrared and Mössbauer studies of reduced nontronites Clays & Clay Minerals 27 63 – 71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I. and Otoh, H., 1968 Size and shape of mont-morillonite particles saturated with Na/Ca ions (inferred from viscosity and optical measurements) Israel J. Chemistry 6 251 – 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanmuganathan, R. T. and Oades, J. M., 1982 Modification of soil physical properties by manipulating the net surface charge on colloids through addition of Fe(III) polycations J. Soil Sci. 33 451 – 465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soil Survey Staff (1975) Soil Taxonomy: U.S. Dept. of Agric. Handbook No. 436, Washington, D. C., 754 pp.Google Scholar
Verwey, E. J. W. and Overbeek, J. Th. G., 1948 Theory of the Stability of Lypophobic Colloids New York Elsevier.Google Scholar
Viani, B. E., Low, P. F. and Roth, C. B., 1983 Direct measurement of relation between interlayer force and in-terlayer distance in the swelling of montmorillonites J. Colloid Interface Sci. 96 229 – 244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yariv, S. and Cross, H., 1979 Geochemistry of Colloid Systems Berlin Springer Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar