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Occurrence of Fibrous Chrysotile and Tremolite in the Çankiri and Ankara Regions, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Tacit Külah ,
Selahattin Kadir ,
Hülya Erkoyun ,
Jennifer Huggett  and
Eşref Atabey
Tacit Külah
Affiliation:
Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-43100, Kütahya, Turkey
Selahattin Kadir*
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
Hülya Erkoyun
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
Jennifer Huggett
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, London, UK
Eşref Atabey
Affiliation:
Hacettepe University, Mesothelioma and Medical Geology Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Numerous occurrences of asbestos minerals, notably chrysotile and tremolite, are to be found on fracture surfaces in thrust fault deformation zones of Cretaceous dunite-harzburgite and pyroxenite in the Çankırı and Ankara regions, central Anatolia, Turkey. Consequently, potential exists for the development of regional malignant mesothelioma. The means of serpentinization, such as reaction of seawater during accretion of the upper ophiolitic mantle crust in a subduction zone and/or following uplift of ophiolitic units and the influence of hydrothermal/meteoric fluids along fractures, were investigated. Cretaceous dunite-harzburgite and localized pyroxenite rocks are mainly composed of serpentinized olivine and pyroxene associated with opaque minerals and Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide phases. Smectite, chlorite, illite, kaolinite, hydromagnesite, goethite, quartz, and opal-CT are also present. Chrysotile and localized tremolite occur either as a mesh, a suboriented to oriented long-fiber bundle, or as fiber-filling millimetric micro-vein textures on relicts of olivine and pyroxene (enstatite, augite). The chrysotile and tremolite have non-pseudomorphic textures developed under high pressure and temperature. The textures suggest authigenic formation of chrysotile and tremolite via a dissolution and precipitation mechanism. Additionally, spherical structures of opal-CT and locally platy hydromagnesite crystals either enclose or are developed within chrysotile/tremolite fiber bundles. The leaching of MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Ni, Cr, and Nb, an increase in the LREE/HREE ratio, and negative Eu anomalies in the dunite-harzburgite and pyroxenite, and asbestos samples suggest that the chrysotile and tremolite were derived from the serpentinization of olivine and pyroxene. The chrysotile and tremolite were developed along fractures by hydrothermal fluid alteration during accretion and/or following the uplift of ophiolitic units of the region under high pressure and temperature conditions. This interpretation is also supported by isotope data and the calculated formation temperature of 170–555°C for chrysotile and tremolite. The average structural formulae for chrysotile and tremolite are (NanK0.03)(Mg5.54Fe0.09Al0.05Ca0.01Mn0.001) (Si3.96Al0.03)O10(OH)8 and (Na0.17K0.07)(Ca1.59Mg0.19Mn0.002)(Mg4.72Fe0.28)(Si7.86Al0.1Fe0.06)O22(OH)2, respectively.

Keywords

AnkaraÇankırıChrysotileGenesisMesotheliomaTremoliteTurkey
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 66 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 146 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2018

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