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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation of Lithium Migration in Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

B. K. G. Theng ,
S. Hayashi ,
M. Soma  and
H. Seyama
B. K. G. Theng
Affiliation:
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 11 052, Palmerston North, New Zealand
S. Hayashi
Affiliation:
National Institute of Materials and Chemical Research, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
M. Soma*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
H. Seyama
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
*
†Present address: Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422, Japan.
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Abstract

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When Li-saturated montmorillonite is heated to 200–300 °C, the Li ions migrate from interlayer positions to sites in the layer structure. However, the identity of these sites has not been clearly established. Here we have investigated the migration of Li ions in montmorillonite, after heat treatment at 250 °C, using chemical and instrumental analyses. The latter include X-ray diffractometry (XRD), 7Linuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Heating causes a large reduction in cation exchange capacity (CEC) and an almost complete loss of interlayer expansion with glycerol as shown by XRD. Static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 7Li-NMR spectroscopy shows that the quadrupole coupling constant of Li increases markedly over the corresponding value for unheated Li-montmorillonite (where Li occupies exchange sites in the interlayer space) and for hectorite (where Li is located in the octahedral sheet). This would indicate that, in heated montmorillonite, Li occupies structural sites of low symmetry which, however, cannot be identified with octahedral vacancies in the layer structure as is commonly assumed. XPS shows that the binding energy (BE) for Li in unheated montmorillonite is comparable to that for other exchangeable cations. Heating broadens the Li 1s band and decreases the BE. The BE for Li in heated montmorillonite is significantly higher than that in either spodumene or lepidolite, where Li is known to occupy octahedral sites. The combined data suggest that heating induces Li to migrate from interlayer sites to ditrigonal cavities in the tetrahedral sheet, rather than into vacancies in the octahedral sheet, of montmorillonite.

Keywords

LithiumMigrationMontmorilloniteNMR SpectroscopyX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 45 , Issue 5 , October 1997 , pp. 718 - 723
Copyright
Copyright © 1997, The Clay Minerals Society

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