Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T01:16:29.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Natrolitite, an unusual rock — Occurrence and petrographic and geochemical characteristics (Eastern Turkey)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Emin Çiftçi ,
John P. Hogan ,
Hasan Kolayli  and
Emin Çadirli
Emin Çiftçi*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Nigde University, 51245 Nigde, Turkey
John P. Hogan
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
Hasan Kolayli
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61200 Trabzon, Turkey
Emin Çadirli
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Nigde University, 51245 Nigde, Turkey
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Very unusual rocks consisting of natrolite (>95 vol.%) ± pargasite (<5 vol.%) and rarealbite (<1 vol. %) have been discovered in the Kop mountain range, eastern Turkey. We propose to call these rocks ‘natrolitite’ and ‘pargasite natrolitite’. They were produced by Na Si metasomatism of dikes and stocks of diorite through replacement of the intermediate primary igneous plagioclase to produce natrolite. The metasomatic alteration produced concentric elliptical zones characterized by distinct mineral assemblages centered on intrusions of diorite. The Central Zone 1 consists of variably albitized diorite with preserved magmatic textures (albite ± andesine ± pargasite ± quartz). Transition Zone 2 comprises natrolite-bearing diorite (natrolite ± albite ± andesine ± pargasite ± calcite ± quartz). Marginal Zone 3 is a rock made up almost entirely of natrolite (natrolite ± pargasite ± albite ± calcite ± chlorite). Outer Zone 4 occurs along the boundary between the natrolitite and the surrounding serpentinite and consists of listvenite, a rock which comprises magnesite, quartz, calcite, mica, talc, and hematite, indicating a role for CO2 in the metasomatic reactions, consistent with the presence of calcite in the alteration zones. Zone 5 consists essentially of brecciated serpentinite with numerous hydrothermal quartz veins and calcite veins. Whole-rock compositions document an increase in Na2O, Al2O3, and H2O from the core (central zone) to themargin while CaO, MgO, and SiO2 decrease. Plagioclase abundance and composition also varies outwards from the central core rocks where it occurs as a primary magmatic phase (∼95 vol.% An41−38) to the alteration zones (<5 vol.% An32−37) due to partial to complete replacement of plagioclase by natrolite with or without rare albite. The natrolites exhibit little variation in Si/Al ratios, ranging between 1.45 and 1.61, and are similar in composition to those reported in the literature. Accompanying pargasitic amphibole also becomes progressively more sodic in composition from the core rocks to the marginal zone rocks. Our analysis indicates that albitization preceded the formation of natrolite and that the formation of natrolite, instead of other more typical alteration minerals (e.g. analcime and paragonite), reflects Na metasomatism at lower chemical potentials for Al2O3 and SiO2. Potential sources of Na could be hypersaline brines or leaching of country rocks, such as trondhjemites. The fluids were driven in hydrothermal convection cells set up by theintrusion of thediorites.

Keywords

Eastern TurkeyKop MountainsListveniteMetasomatismNatroliteNatrolititePargasiteZeolites
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 207 - 221
Copyright
Copyright © 2008, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Apps, J.A. (1983) Hydrothermal evolution of repository groundwaters in basalt. Pp. 14–51 in: NRC Nuclear Waste Geochemistry’ 83, US Nuclear Commission Report NUREG/CP-0052.Google Scholar
Arzamastsev, A.A. Belyatsky, B.V. and Arzamastseva, L.V., 2000 Agpaitic magmatism in the northeastern Baltic Shield: a study of the Niva intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia Lithos 51 27–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aslaner, M. and Kolaylı, H. (1996) Kop ultramafitlerinin paleojeotektonik konumuna analitik bir yaklasim. KTU 30thYear Symposium, Turkey (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Bektas, O. (1981) Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonunun Erzincan-Tanyeri Bucaðı yoresindeki jeolojik ozellikleri ve yerel ofiyolitik sorunları. PhD thesis, KTU, Turkey (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Bektas, O., 1982 Tanyeri (Erzincan) ofiyolitli karisigina ait trondhjemitlerin paleotektonik konumu ve kokenleri KTU Yerbilimleri Dergisi 2 39–50 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Bektas, O., Pelin, S., and Korkmaz, S. (1984) Dogu Pontid yay gerisi havzasinda manto yukselimi ve polijenetik ofiyolit olgusu. Ketin Symposium Proceedings, pp. 175–188 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Birsoy, R., 2002 Activity diagrams of zeolites: implications for the occurrences of zeolites in Turkey and of erionite worldwide Clays and Clay Minerals 50 136–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodinier, J.L., 1988 Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Lanzo peridotite body, Western Alps Tectonophysics 149 67–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buket, E. and Ataman, G., 1982 Erzincan-Refahiye ultramafik ve mafik kayaçlarının petrografik ve petrolojik özellikleri Yerbilimleri 9 5–18 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Chipera, S.J. Apps, J.A., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Geochemical stability of natural zeolites Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 81–161.Google Scholar
Coleman, R.G., 1977 Ophiolites: Ancient Oceanic Lithosphere? New York Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filippidis, A. Godelitsas, A. Charistos, D. and Tsipis, C., 1996 Natrolite/thomsonite intergrowths from basaltic rocks of Deccan Traps (Western India) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Monatshefte 4 161–170.Google Scholar
Flohr, M.J.K. and Ross, M., 1990 Alkaline igneous rocks of Magnet Cove, Arkansas: mineralogy and geochemistry of syenites Lithos 26 67–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, I.T. Pogson, R.E. Colchester, D.M. and Baines, A., 2003 Zeolite crystal habits, compositions, and paragenesis, Blackhead Quarry, Dunedin, New Zealand Mineralogical Magazine 67 625–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunter, M.E. Knowles, C.R. and Schalck, D.K., 1993 Composite natrolite-mesolite crystals from the Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington The Canadian Mineralogist 31 467–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, R., 1966 Zeolites and zeolitic reactions in sedimentary rocks Geological Society of America Special Paper 85 1–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, R. and Rees, L.V., 1980 Zeolitic weathering tuffs in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Zeolites London Heyden 155–163.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, K., 1996 Geology, mineralogy, chemistry, origin and uses of the zeolites associated with Quaternary tuffs of Northeast Jordan UK University of London.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, K., 2004 Mineralogy and chemistry of natrolite from Jordan Clay Minerals 39 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, K. and Hall, A., 1996 The authigenic zeolites of the Aritayn Volcanoclastic Formation, north-east Jordan Mineralium Deposita 31 514–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971 A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8 523–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolaylı, H., 1996 Geological, petrological and metallogenic investigations of ultramafic and mafic rocks of Kop Mountains (Erzincan, Erzurum and Bayburt) Turkey KTU (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Langella, A. Cappelletti, P. d’Gennaro, M., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Zeolites in closed hydrologic systems Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 235–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, H.J. and Song, S.R., 2000 Factors controlling the distribution of zeolites in the andesitic rocks of the Central Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan Terrestrial Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 11 501–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musaoglu, A. (1987) Kop-Gumushane yoresi jeolojisi ve maden prospeksiyonu raporu. MTA Raport No: 8541, Turkey (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A. and Thorpe, R.S., 1982 Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries Andesites New York Wiley 525–548.Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A. Harris, N.B.W. and Tindle, A.G., 1984 Trace elements discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rock Journal of Petrology 25 956–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prinzhofer, A. and Allegre, C.J., 1985 Residual peridotites and the mechanisms of partial melting Earth and Planetary Science Letters 74 251–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, M. Flohr, M. and Ross, D., 1992 Crystalline solution series and order-disorder within the natrolite mineral group American Mineralogist 77 685–703.Google Scholar
Rouse, R.C. Dunn, P.J. Grice, J.D. Schlenker, J.L. and Higgins, J.B., 1990 Montesommaite (K, Na)9Al9Si23 O64.10H2O: a new zeolite related to merlinoite and the gismondinegroup American Mineralogist 75 1415–1420.Google Scholar
Schroeder, I. Thomson, G. Sulanowska, M. and Ludden, J.N., 1980 Analysis of geological materials using an automated X-ray fluorescence system X-ray Spectrum 9 198–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schüssler, U. Richter, P. and Okrusch, M., 1989 Metabasites from the KTB oberpfalz target area, Bavaria geochemical characteristics and examples of the mobile behavior of ‘immobile’ elements Tectonophysics 157 135–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. Hay, R.L., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Formation of zeolites in open hydrologic systems Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 261–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. Hay, R.L., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Occurrence of zeolites in sedimentary rocks Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 217–233.Google Scholar
Teertstra, D.K. and Dyer, A., 1994 The informal discreditation of doraniteas themagnesium analogueof analcime Zeolites 14 411–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Utada, M., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Zeolites in hydrothermally altered rocks Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington, D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 305–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Utada, M., Bish, D.L. and Ming, D.W., 2001 Zeolites in burial diagenesis and low-grade metamorphic rocks Natural Zeolites: Occurrence, Properties, Applications Washington, D.C Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society 277–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Vattuone Ponti, M.E. and Latorre, C.O., 1990 Low-grade metamorphism in granitoids and volcanic rocks, Cordillera Neuquina, Argentina Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3 247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar