Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:24:40.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphology and Structure of Halloysite in New Zealand Tephras

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

John H. Kirkman
John H. Kirkman*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

As shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, halloysite in three rhyolitic tephras occurs as squat and elongate ellipsoids. Both morphologies are presumed to result from a similar lattice building mechanism. The squat ellipsoids form from allophane; the elongate ellipsoids form from feldspars. The squat ellipsoids do not possess flattened faces or spaces between books of layers at field moisture levels. Outgrowths from the squat ellipsoids are possibly due to inclusions of allophane, glass, ferrihydrite, or feldspar crystallites. Possible spiral growth of halloysite, giving curved surfaces, may be due to a continuous distribution of crystal dislocations.

Резюме

Резюме

С помощью сканирующего и трансмиционного электронного микроскопа было показано, что галлоизит в трех реолитовых тефрах встречается в виде сплющенных и вытянутых эллипсоидов. Обе морфологии предположительно являются результатом подобного механизма построения решетки. Сплющенные эллипсоиды формируются из аллофана, вытянутые эллипсоиды—из фельдшпата. В условиях полевого уровня влажности сплющенные эллипсоиды не имеют ни плоских поверхностей, ни расстояний между «книгами» слоев. Отростки сплющенных эллипсоидов вываны, возможно, инклюзиями аллофана, стекла, ферригидрита, или кристаллитов фельдшпата. Возможный спиральный рост галлоизита, который приводит к искривлению поверхности, может быть вызван сплошным распределением кристаллических дислокаций. [Е.С.]

Resümee

Resümee

Raster- und transmissionselektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß Halloysit aus drei rhyolithischen vulkanischen Lockerprodukten als gedrungene oder längliche Ellipsoide auftritt. Es wird angenommen, daß beide Formen durch einen ähnlichen Gitterbildungsmechanismus entstehen. Die gedrungenen Ellipsoide bilden sich aus Allophan; die länglichen Ellipsoide entstehen aus Feldspäten. Die gedrungenen Ellipsoide haben bei Bergfeuchte keine glatten Flächen oder Zwischenräume zwischen Schichtpaketen. Auswüchse auf den gedrungenen Ellipsoiden sind wahrscheinlich durch Einschlüsse von Allophan, Glas, Ferrihydrit, oder Feldspatkristalliten bedingt. Ein mögliches Spiral—wachstum von Halloysit, das gebogene Oberflächen ergibt, könnte von einer kontinuierlichen Verteilung von Versetzungen im Kristall herrühren. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

La microscopie électronique balayante et à transmission montre que l'halloysite dans trois tephres est présente sous la forme d'ellipsoides trappus et élongés. On présume que les deux morphologies résultent d'un mécanisme semblable de construction de l’édifice cristallin. Les ellipsoides trappus sont formés à partir d'allophane, ceux qui sont élongés sont formés à partir de feldspars. Les ellipsoides trappus n'ont pas de faces aplaties ou d'espaces entre les livres de couches à des niveaux d'humidité naturels. Des protrusions des ellipsoides trappus sont possiblement dus à des inclusions d'allophane, de verre, de ferrihydrite, ou de cristallites de feldspars. La croissance en spirale possible d'halloysite, donnant des surfaces recourbées, peut être due à une distribution continuelle de dislocations de cristaux. [D.J.]

Keywords

Crystal dislocationsElectron microscopyGrowth mechanismsHalloysiteMorphology
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , February 1981 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © 1981, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Askenasy, P. E. Dixon, J. B. and McKee, T. R., (1973) Spheroidal halloysite in a Guatemalan soil Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 37 799–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, T. F. and Swineford, A., (1962) Halloysite and gibbsite formation in Hawaii Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 9th Nat. Conf., West Lafayette, Indiana, 1960 New York Per-gamon Press 315–328.Google Scholar
Bates, T. F. Hildebrand, F. A. and Swineford, A., (1950) Morphology and structure of endellite and halloysite Amer. Mineral. 35 463–484.Google Scholar
Birrell, K. S. Fieldes, M. and Williamson, K. I., (1955) Unusual forms of halloysite Amer. Mineral. 40 122–124.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J. H., (1975) Clay mineralogy of some tephra beds of Rotorua area, North Island, New Zealand Clay Miner. 10 437–449.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J. H., (1977) Possible structure of halloysite disks and cylinders observed in some New Zealand rhyolitic teph-ras Clay Miner. 12 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkman, J. H., (1980) Mineralogy of the Kauroa Ash Formation of south-west and west Waikato, North Island, New Zealand N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 23 113–120.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J. H. and Pullar, W. A., (1978) Halloysite in late Pleistocene rhyolitic tephra beds near Opotiki, Coastal Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand Aust. J. Soil Res. 16 1–8.Google Scholar
Moore, H. and Muhlethaler, K., (1963) Fine structure in frozen etched yeast cells J. Cell Biol. 17 609–628.Google Scholar
Nabarro, F. R. N., Mott, N. F. Bullard, E. C. and Wilkinson, D. H., (1967) Theory of crystal dislocations The International Series of Monographs on Physics Oxford Oxford University Press 39–42.Google Scholar
Parham, W. E. and Heller, L., (1969) Halloysite-rich tropical weathering products of Hong Kong Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Tokyo, 1969 Jerusalem Israel Univ. Press 403–416.Google Scholar
Saigusa, M. Shoji, S. and Kato, T., (1978) Origin and nature of halloysite in Andosoils from Towada Tephra, Japan Geoderma 20 115–129.Google Scholar
Visconti, Y. S. Nicot, B. N. F. and De Andrade, G., (1956) Tubular morphology of some Brazilian kaolins Amer. Mineral. 41 67–75.Google Scholar
Wada, S. Aoki, K. and Wada, K., (1977) The interior structure of spherical halloysite particles Clay Sci. 5 113–121.Google Scholar
Wolff, R. G., (1967) Weathering of Woodstock granite near Baltimore, Maryland Amer. J. Sci. 265 106–117.Google Scholar