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Modified Mineral Phases During Clay Ceramic Firing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

M. El Ouahabi ,
L. Daoudi ,
F. Hatert  and
N. Fagel
M. El Ouahabi*
Affiliation:
UR Argile, Géochimie et Environnement sédimentaires (AGEs), Département de Géologie B-18, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, Liége, B-4000, Belgium
L. Daoudi
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géosciences et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 549, Marrakech, Morocco
F. Hatert
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Mineralogy, B-18, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
N. Fagel
Affiliation:
UR Argile, Géochimie et Environnement sédimentaires (AGEs), Département de Géologie B-18, Sart-Tilman, Université de Liège, Liége, B-4000, Belgium
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Ceramic clays are among the most complicated of ceramic systems because of the very intricate relationship between the behavior of minerals during ceramic processing and their modifications during heating. A major challenge is to predict the phase changes in clay ceramics. The aims of this study were to establish reference data of ceramic products that can be formed based on the mineralogical compositions of the local raw materials. These data, in turn, can be compared with archeological ceramics in order to study their origins.

The mineralogical compositions and modifications during firing (550–1100°C under oxidizing conditions) of seven clayey materials sampled from the main clay deposits of northern Morocco were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction. Two groups of clays were distinguished according to the type of neoformed high-temperature minerals: non-calcareous clays and calcareous clays. For the non-calcareous raw materials, spinel was produced at 950°C. Cristobalite and mullite were formed at temperatures in excess of 1000°C from clays that contain illite, kaolinite, and chlorite. In clays containing vermiculite and large amounts of chlorite, hematite was formed at temperatures in excess of 950°C. Firing of calcareous clays at temperatures >950°C yielded Ca-silicates (diopside, gehlenite and wollastonite), spinel, cristobalite, hematite, and feldspars. Mullite may also form in the calcareous clay products when the carbonate content exceeds 10%.

Keywords

CeramicClayPhase modificationsRaw MaterialsX-ray Powder Diffraction
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 63 , Issue 5 , October 2015 , pp. 404 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2015

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