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Interstratification in Malawi Vermiculite: Effect of Bi-Ionic K-Mg Solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Jose-Luis Martin de Vidales ,
Eladio Vila ,
Antonio Ruiz-Amil ,
Cristina de la Calle  and
Charles-Henri Pons
Jose-Luis Martin de Vidales
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Eladio Vila
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, C.S.I.C., Serrano 113, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Antonio Ruiz-Amil
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, C.S.I.C., Serrano 113, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Cristina de la Calle
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, C.S.I.C., Serrano 113, 28006 Madrid, Spain Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface et Structure, URA 1106, CNRS, Université P. et M. Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, Tour 54–55, 2ème Étage, 75252 Paris Cédex 05, France
Charles-Henri Pons
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Université d′Orléans, CNRS U.A. 810, B.P. 6759, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, Cédex 2, France
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Abstract

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The conversion of Malawi vermiculite into K-vermiculite by treatment with bi-ionic K-Mg solutions of 1 N total ion concentration (KCl and MgCl2 mixed solutions of ionic strength equal to 0.5) was studied by following the 00l X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) reflections. Flakes of Mg-saturated samples were treated at 160°C during 24 hr with bi-ionic solutions, with the K concentration varying from zero to pure 1 N KCl solution. The K-Mg interlayer exchange began at a critical value xK = .0196 (K/Mg = 1/100) of the molar fraction of K in the solution. Above the critical concentration and extending to pure 1 N KCl, the XRD diagrams were characteristic of a 10-Å/14-Å interstratification that had a marked tendency towards regularity. Experiments with KCl and MgCl2 mixed solutions of ionic strength equal to 0.75 and 1.0 showed that the exchange began at the same critical value xK as the experiments with ionic strength equal to 0.5, if the K added was equivalent. X-ray fluorescence analysis further showed that the amount of K adsorbed was proportional to the molar fraction xK and to the proportion of K-saturated layers (10 Å) in the interstratification. To explain the mechanism of this quasi-regular interstratification, a crystallochemical rather than a thermodynamic mechanism is proposed.

Keywords

InterstratificationIon exchangeMagnesiumPotassiumVermiculiteX-ray powder diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 5 , October 1990 , pp. 513 - 521
Copyright
Copyright © 1990, The Clay Minerals Society

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