Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:51:05.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Illite from the Potsdam Sandstone of New York: A Probable Noncentrosymmetric Mica Structure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

R. C. Reynolds Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
C. H. Thomson
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Illite from the Potsdam Sandstone (lower Ordovician) of Northwestern New York was studied by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and chemically analyzed and dated by the K/Ar method. The texture and ages of 360 and 392 Ma on two samples establish that the mineral is authigenic and relatively uncontaminated by Precambrian detritus. Random powder X-ray diffraction patterns show sharp and relatively intense 02l and 11l reflections, indicating an ordered structure. Comparisons with calculated patterns demonstrated that the mineral is not the common 1M or 2M1 polytype. Instead, the experimental pattern is very similar to that of a 3T polytype, but it agrees better with the calculated pattern of the octahedral cis-vacant, noncentrosymmetric (space group C2) structure found by Méring and Oberlin (1967) and Tsipursky and Drits (1984) in smectites, proposed for mica by Drits et al. (1984) and found by Zvyagin et al. (1985).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Austin, G. S., Glass, H. D. and Hughes, R. E., 1989 Resolution of the polytype structure of some illitic clay minerals that appear to be 1Md Clays & Clay Minerals 37 128134 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, S. W., 1984 Crystal chemistry of the true micas Micas 13 1360 10.1515/9781501508820-006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buerger, M. J., 1960 Crystal-Structure Analysis New York John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Carl, J. D. and Van Diver, B. B., 1971 Some aspects of Grenville geology and the Precambrian/Paleozoic unconformity, Northwest Adirondacks, New York Field Trip Guidebook, N.Y.S.G.A., 43rd Annual Meet. A1A39.Google Scholar
Cupery, S. and Selleck, B., 1987 Diagenesis and clay mineralogy of the Potsdam Sandstone in Northwestern New York Prog. Abst., Geol. Soc. Amer., Northeastern Section Meeting 19 1 10.Google Scholar
Drits, V. A., Plançon, B. A., Sakharov, B. A., Besson, G., Tsipursky, S. I. and Tchoubar, C., 1984 Diffraction effects calculated for structural models of K-saturated mont-morillonite containing different types of defects Clay Miner 19 541561 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.4.03.Google Scholar
Gavrilov, Y. O. and Tsipursky, S. I., 1988 Clay minerals of lower and middle Jurassic sediments of structural and facies zones of the central Caucasus Lithology and Mineral Resources, Consultants Bureau, New York 22 570582.Google Scholar
Güven, N. and Burnham, C. W., 1967 The crystal structure of 3T muscovite Zeit. Kristallogr. Kristallgeom 125 163183 10.1524/zkri.1967.125.125.163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levinson, A. A., 1955 Studies in the mica group: Polymorphism among illites and hydrous micas Amer. Mineral 40 4149.Google Scholar
Maxwell, D. T. and Hower, J., 1967 High-grade diagenesis and low grade metamorphism of illite in the Precambrian Belt series Amer. Mineral 52 843857.Google Scholar
Méring, J. and Oberlin, A., 1967 Electron-optical study of smectites Clays & Clay Minerals 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1963 Potassium-rubidium ratios and polymorphism in illites and microclines from the clay size fraction of Proterozoic carbonate rocks Geochem. et Cos-mochim. Acta 27 10971112 10.1016/0016-7037(63)90092-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1985 NEWMOD, a Computer Program for the Calculation of Basal X-Ray Diffraction Intensities of Mixed-Layered Clays .Google Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1989 Principles of powder diffraction Modern Powder Diffraction 20 117.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1989 Diffraction by small and disordered crystals Modern Powder Diffraction 20 145181 10.1515/9781501509018-009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R. C., 1992 X-ray diffraction studies of illite/smectite from rocks, < 1 μm randomly oriented powders, and <1 μm oriented powder aggregates: The absence of laboratory-induced artifacts Clays & Clay Minerals 40 387398 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, R. C. and Hower, J., 1970 The nature of inter-layering in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites Clays & Clay Minerals 18 2536 10.1346/CCMN.1970.0180104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadanaga, R. and Takéuchi, Y., 1961 Polysynthetic twinning of micas Zeit. Kristallogr 116 406429 10.1524/zkri.1961.116.3-6.406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakharov, B. A., Besson, G., Drits, V. A., Kamenava, M. Y., Salyn, A. L. and Smoliar, B. B., 1990 X-ray study of the nature of stacking faults in the structure of glauconites Clay Miner 25 419435 10.1180/claymin.1990.025.4.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Środoń, J. and Eberl, D. D., 1984 Illite Micas 13 495544 10.1515/9781501508820-016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomson, C. H., 1990 Authigenic 3T illite in the Potsdam Sandstone, New York .Google Scholar
Tsipursky, S. I. and Drits, V. A., 1984 The distribution of octahedral cations in the 2:1 layers of dioctahedral smectites studied by oblique-texture electron diffraction Clay Miner 19 177193 10.1180/claymin.1984.019.2.05.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. and Hower, J., 1963 Petrological significance of illite polymorphism in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks Amer. Mineral 48 12391254.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. and Pollard, L. D., 1973 The Chemistry of Clay Minerals .Google Scholar
Wright, A. C., 1973 A compact representation for atomic scattering factors Clays & Clay Minerals 21 489490 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zvyagin, B. B., Robotnov, V. T., Sidorenko, O. V. and Kotelnikov, D. D., 1985 Unique mica with noncentrosym-metric layers Izvestiya Akad. Nauk SSSR, Geol 35 121124.Google Scholar