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Hydrothermal Origin of Smectite in Volcanic Ash

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Chitoshi Mizota  and
Kevin Faure
Chitoshi Mizota
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020, Japan
Kevin Faure
Affiliation:
Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Japan, Higashi 1-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 309, Japan
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Abstract

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Smectite and fine-grained quartz were separated from 6 volcanic ash samples collected in Japan from Shinmoe-dake Volcano, southern Kyushu, and Mt. Usu Volcano, southern Hokkaido. Oxygen isotope ratios of smectite in the volcanic ash range from +6.9 to +12.9 per mill (‰), which are comparable to the values of smectite (δ18O = +6.5 and +9.4‰) from currently active geothermal fields. Evaluation of the oxygen isotope data from smectite (δ18O = +6.9 and +8.4‰) and quartz (δ18O = +6.6 to +11.2‰) in volcanic ash erupted from Shinmoe-dake in 1959 indicates a hydrothermal origin at elevated temperatures (150 to 270 °C) from waters that have calculated 8180 values (8180 = -3 to +5%o) that are enriched relative to local meteoric water (δ18O = -7 to -8‰). This precludes an authigenic formation of the smectites under ambient temperatures in crater lakes and/or somma-atrios which had been previously proposed as a plausible mechanism. A peculiar clay flow was extruded on the somma-atrio of Mt. Usu Volcano. The isotopic composition of the clay (<0.5 μm, δ18O = + 12.2‰) and evidence from geophysical exploration over volcanic vents of Shinmoe-dake support the concept that extensive hydrothermal alteration is taking place within volcanic vents.

Keywords

Hydrothermal AlterationOxygen Isotope CompositionSmectiteVolcanic Ash
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , April 1998 , pp. 178 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © 1998, The Clay Minerals Society

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