Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:14:30.614Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydraulic Characteristics of Bentonite Cake Fabricated on Cutoff Walls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

The-Bao Nguyen ,
Chulho Lee ,
Jeehee Lim  and
Hangseok Choi
The-Bao Nguyen
Affiliation:
School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Science Campus, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
Chulho Lee
Affiliation:
School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Science Campus, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
Jeehee Lim
Affiliation:
School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Science Campus, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
Hangseok Choi*
Affiliation:
School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Science Campus, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Bentonite cake is usually formed on the excavated trench surface that is supported by the bentonite slurry during construction of slurry cutoff walls. The lower hydraulic conductivity of bentonite cakes formed during construction of slurry cutoff walls in comparison to backfill materials provides an additional benefit. In the present study, the hydraulic conductivities of bentonite cakes made using three different bentonites were estimated using the modified fluid-loss test under various pressures. Both the hydraulic conductivities of bentonite cakes and cutoff-wall backfill are important in evaluating the in situ hydraulic performance of slurry cutoff-wall construction. Three bentonite slurry concentrations of 4, 6, and 8% were used to fabricate bentonite cakes that represent common field conditions. X-ray diffraction, cation exchange capacity, and swell-index data were collected to characterize the bentonites. Two modified methods for analyzing fluid-loss test results were used to estimate bentonite cake hydraulic conductivities. In addition, the viscosity as a function of time was measured to explain the sealing capacities of the bentonite slurries. The bentonite-cake hydraulic conductivities ranged from 2.15×10−11 m/s to 2.88×10−10 m/s, which were 10 to 500 times lower than the cutoff wall backfill design. Experimental results for 4 and 6% bentonite slurries were relatively similar, but the 8% slurries were noticeably different. Calculated bentonite-cake thickness and stress distribution indicated that the local void ratio and hydraulic conductivity may vary across the cake thickness. The considerably lower bentonite-cake hydraulic conductivities compared to the cutoff wall backfill design show its significance in slurry cutoff-wall construction practices.

Keywords

Bentonite CakeBentonite SlurryCutoff WallHydraulic ConductivityModified Fluid-loss TestViscosity
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 40 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

References

Akther, S. Hwang, J.Y. and Lee, H., 2007 Effects of the water quality on the dispersion properties of bentonites used for drilling fluid Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea 20 21–33.Google Scholar
Akther, S. Hwang, J.Y. and Lee, H., 2008 Sedimentation characteristics of two commercial bentonites in aqueous suspensions Clay Minerals 43 449–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Petroleum Institute API, 1990 Standard procedure for field testing drilling fluids.Google Scholar
American Society for TestingMaterials ASTM D5891, 2002 Standard test method for fluid loss of clay component of geosynthetic clay liners .Google Scholar
American Society for TestingMaterials ASTM D5890, 2006 Standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners .Google Scholar
American Society for TestingMaterials ASTM C837, 2009 Standard test method for Methylene Blue Index of Clay .Google Scholar
Barvenik, M.J. and Ayres, J.E., 1987 Construction quality control and post-construction performance verification for the Gilson Road hazardous waste site cutoff wall EPA/600/ 287/065 Washington US EPA.Google Scholar
Beeson, C.M. and Wright, C.W., 1952 Loss of mud solids to formation pores Petroleum Engineer 8 B40–B52.Google Scholar
Britton, J.P., 2001 Soil-bentonite cutoff walls: hydraulic conductivity and contaminant transport PhD thesis Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University.Google Scholar
Britton, J.P. Filz, G.M. and Herring, W.E., 2004 Measuring the hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite backfill Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE 130 1250–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caenn, R. and Chillingar, G.V., 1996 Drilling fluids: State of the art Petroleum Science and Engineering 14 221–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, H. and Daniel, D.E., 2006 Slug test analysis in vertical cutoff walls. II: Applications Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE 132 439–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, J., 2004 Hydraulic conductivity of GCLs permeated with inorganic chemical solutions PhD thesis Illinois University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Chung, J. and Daniel, D., 2008 Modified fluid loss test as an improved measure of hydraulic conductivity for bentonite Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM 31 1–9.Google Scholar
D’Appolonia, D.J., 1980 Soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoffs Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE 106 399–417.Google Scholar
Darcy, H.P.G., 1856 The public fountains of the city of Dijon Paris, France Victor Dalmont.Google Scholar
Darley, H.C.H. and Gray, G.R., 1988 Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids Houston, Texas, USA Gulf Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Filz, G.M. Boyer, R.D. Davidson, R.R., Evans, J.C., 1997 Bentonitewater slurry rheology and cutoff wall trench stability Proceedings of In Situ Remediation of the Geoenvironment Virginia, USA GSP 71, ASCE 139–153.Google Scholar
Filz, G.M. Henry, L.B. Heslin, G.M. and Davidson, R.R., 2001 Determining hydraulic conductivity of soil-bentonite using the API filter press Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM 24 61–71.Google Scholar
Grube, W.E. Jr., Paul, D.B. Davidson, R.R. and Cavalli, N.J., 1992 Slurry trench cutoff walls for environmental pollution control Slurry Walls: Design, Construction, and Quality Control West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA ASTM, STP 1129, ASTM International 69–77.10.1520/STP19723SCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, H. and Keren, R., 2002 Anionic polyacrylamide polymers effect on rheological behavior of Na-montmorillonite suspensions Soil Science Society of America 66 19–25.Google Scholar
Henry, L.B. Filz, G.M. Davidson, R.R., Reddi, L.N. and Bonala, M.V.S., 1998 Formation and properties of bentonite filter cakes Filtration & Drainage in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Virginia, USA GSP 78, ASCE 69–88.Google Scholar
Heslin, G.M. Filz, G.M. Baxter, D.Y. and Davidson, R.R., 1997 An improved method for interpreting hydraulic conductivity tests performed in the API filter press Proceedings of International Containment Technology 71–77.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, M.T. Daw, G.P. Shotton, P.G. James, A.N., Darwent, T.J., 1974 The properties of bentonite slurries used in diaphragm walling and their control Diaphragm Walls and Anchorages London Institution of Civil Engineers 33–39.Google Scholar
Krueger, R.V. and Vogel, L.C., 1954 Damage to sandstone cores by particles from drilling fluid Drilling and Production Practice 158–168.Google Scholar
Nash, K.L., 1974 Stability of trenches filled with fluids Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE 100 CO4 533–542.10.1061/JCCEAZ.0000456CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T.-B. Lee, C. and Choi, H., 2010 Slug test analysis in vertical cutoff walls with consideration of filter cake Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE 137 785–797.10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T.-B. Lee, C. Kim, S. and Choi, H., 2010 Modification of the Bouwer and Rice method to a cutoff wall with a filter cake Ground Water 48 898–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olsta, J. Daniel, D. Chung, J., Mackey, R.E. and von Maubeuge, K., 2004 Various aspects of sodium bentonite testing Advances in Geosynthetic Clay Liner Technology: 2nd Symposium West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA ASTM, STP 1456, ASTM International 3–10.10.1520/STP12194SCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushton, A. Ward, A.S. and Holdich, R.G., 2000 Solid-Liquid Filtration and Separation Technology 2nd edition Weinheim, Germany Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH.Google Scholar
Ruth, B.F., 1935 Studies in filtration: III. Derivation of general filtration equations Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 27 708–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soroush, A. and Soroush, M., 2005 Parameters affecting the thickness of bentonite cake in cutoff wall construction: case study and physical modeling Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42 646–654.10.1139/t04-090CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers US ACE., 2010 Guide specification for construction soil-bentonite (S-B) slurry trench .Google Scholar
Xanthakos, P.P., 1979 Slurry Walls New York McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Xanthakos, P.P. Abramson, L.W. and Bruce, D.A., 1994 Ground Control and Improvement New York Wiley-Interscience.Google Scholar