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Effects of Layer Charge, Charge Location, and Energy Change on Expansion Properties of Dioctahedral Smectites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Tsutomu Sato ,
Takashi Watanabe  and
Ryohei Otsuka
Tsutomu Sato
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan
Takashi Watanabe
Affiliation:
Department of Geoscience, Joetsu University of Education Yamayashiki, Joetsu, Niigata, 943 Japan
Ryohei Otsuka
Affiliation:
Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan
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Abstract

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Expansion properties often homoionic smectites that differed in amount and location of layer charge were examined by X-ray powder diffraction analysis at various relative humidities, or after glycerol or ethylene glycol solvations. Except for K-samples with glycerol solvation, and Na- and Ca-samples with ethylene glycol, differences in the basal spacings are observed in samples having similar layer charge. These results show that the basal spacings are larger when the layer charge is located in octahedral sites than when it is in tetrahedral sites. This suggests that expansion is due to the combined effects of the charge location and amount.

The effects of layer charge magnitude and location on expansion were represented by an energy change (expansion energy: ΔEr) during the hydration and solvation processes. Plots of basal spacings versus ΔEr show a reasonable relationship; the spacings generally decrease stepwise as the value of ΔEr increases. The basal spacings of K-samples with glycerol solvation, Na-saturated and K-saturated samples at 100% RH are apt to contract stepwise with increasing value of ΔEr. For these samples, the figures showing the relationship between each expanded phase and the charge characteristics are obtained from the isoquants of ΔEr, given the boundary of the expanded phases. A behavior test using these figures may be combined with the Greene-Kelly test to estimate the amount and the location of the layer charge of common smectites.

Keywords

Charge locationEthylene glycolExpanded phaseExpansion energyGlycerolLayer chargeRelative humiditySmectite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 1 , February 1992 , pp. 103 - 113
Copyright
Copyright © 1992, The Clay Minerals Society

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