Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T17:14:53.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Cosolvents on Ca-Na Exchange onto Wyoming Bentonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Rafif K. Srour  and
Louis M. McDonald
Rafif K. Srour*
Affiliation:
Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6108, USA
Louis M. McDonald
Affiliation:
Division of Plant & Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6108, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Calcium-sodium exchange on Wyoming bentonite in methanol, ethanol and acetone-water systems were investigated at 0.03 N Cl and at room temperature. Calcium-sodium exchange isotherms were plotted at cosolvent concentrations ranging from 0 to 70% wt./wt. using Ca and Na ionic activities before and after correction for CaCl+ formation. In both cases and in all treatments, a greater selectivity of bentonite surfaces for Ca ions was observed. When compared to water, different trends were observed among and within cosolvents. These trends varied depending on whether or not CaCl+ formation was accounted for. Ignoring the formation of CaCl+, the preference of bentonite for Ca increased in methanolwater systems with increased percent methanol at low equivalent Ca fraction (<0.2). At higher Ca fractions, this preference matched that of water. In ethanol-water, no increased preference of the surface for Ca was observed. In acetone-water, increasing cosolvent concentration decreased the preference of the surface for Ca. The magnitude of this decrease was larger at low equivalent Ca fraction (<0.2). After correction for CaCl+, both in solution and on the surface, the preference of bentonite for Ca2+ was larger in methanol- and ethanol-water systems. In acetone-water, increased surface preference for Ca was only apparent at low acetone fractions (<50%). At higher acetone fractions, there was evidence of increased Na loading but no increase in Ca2+ selectivity. Clearly, ion-pair formation and its effects on Ca-Na exchange reactions cannot be ignored in mixtures of aqueous-organic solvents. After accounting for this effect, Ca-Na exchange in the studied solvents appears to be more of a surface- than a solution-controlled phenomenon that involves both electrostatic and specific solvent-surface types of interactions that have not been elucidated.

Keywords

Binary ExchangeCation Exchange Capacity (CEC)CosolventsDielectric ConstantFractional IsothermsPairingWyoming Bentonite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 5 , October 2005 , pp. 536 - 547
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2005

References

Amrhein, C. and Suarez, D.L., (1991) Sodium-calcium exchange with anion exclusion and weathering corrections Soil Science Society of America Journal 55 698–706 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030010x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, D.C. Brown, K.W. and Thomas, J.C., (1985) Conductivity of compacted clay soils to water and organic liquids Waste Management and Research 3 339–349 10.1177/0734242X8500300142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artiola-Fortuny, J. and Fuller, W.H., (1982) Phenols in municipal solid waste leachates and their attenuation hy soil clays Soil Science 133 218–227 10.1097/00010694-198204000-00004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barshad, I., (1952) Factors affecting the interlayer expansion of vermiculite and montmorillonite with organic substances Soil Science Society Proceedings 176–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bedient, P.B. Asce, A.M. Springer, N.K. Baca, E. Bouvette, T.C. Hutchins, S.R. and Tomson, M.B., (1983) Groundwater transport from wastewater infiltration Journal of Environmental Engineering 109 485–501 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1983)109:2(485).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G.W. Wiewióra, K. and Wiewióra, A., (1969) Intercrystalline swelling of montmorillonite in some water-organic mixtures (Clay-Organic studies XVII) American Mineralogist 54 1635–1644.Google Scholar
Brown, K.W. and Thomas, J.C., (1987) A mechanism hy which organic liquids increase the hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay materials Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 1451–1459 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060010x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doe, H. Kitagawa, T. and Sasahe, K., (1984) Conductometric study of some metal(II) perchlorates in methanol Journal of Physical Chemistry 88 3341–3345 10.1021/j150659a041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doe, H. Wakamiya, K. Yoshida, C. Ozaki, H. Soe, K.N. and Kitagawa, T., (1987) Potentiometric study of cadmium(II) halide and thiocyanate complexes in methanol Inorganic Chemistry 26 2244–2247 10.1021/ic00261a016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doe, H. Ohe, H. Matoha, H. Ichimura, A. and Kitagawa, T., (1990) Conductometric study of calcium(II), strontium(II), and harium(II) perchlorates in methanol-ethylene glycol mixtures Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 63 2785–2789 10.1246/bcsj.63.2785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evers, E.C. and Knox, A.G., (1951) Conductivity studies in methanol Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 1739–1744 10.1021/ja01148a090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandez, F. and Quigley, R.M., (1985) Hydraulic conductivity of natural clays permeated with simple liquid hydrocarbons Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22 205–214 10.1139/t85-028.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuoss, M.R. and Edelson, D., (1951) Bolaform electrolytes. I. Di-(β-trimethylammonium ethyl) succinate dihromide and related compounds Journal of American Chemical Society 73 269–273 10.1021/ja01145a090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaizer, F. Silher, H.B. and Lázár, J., (1985) Stability constants of zinc halide complexes in DMSO-water and DMF-water mixtures Polyhedron 4 1467–1470 10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86983-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izutsu, K., (2002) Electrochemistry in Nonaqueous Solutions Germany Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 10.1002/3527600655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janz, G.J. and Tomkins, R.T., (1973) Non-Aqueous Electrolytes Handbook I 1–118.Google Scholar
Kielland, J., (1937) Individual activity coefficients of ions in aqueous solutions Journal of Physical Chemistry 60 1675–1678.Google Scholar
Kosmulski, M., (1994) Standard enthalpies of ion adsorption onto oxides from aqueous solutions and mixed solvents Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 83 237–243 10.1016/0927-7757(93)02658-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunze, G.W. Dixon, J.B. and Klute, A., (1986) Pretreatment for mineralogical analysis Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods USA Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Lindsay, W.L., (1979) Chemical Equilibria in Soils New York Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Miller, R.M. Stitzer, L.S. Artiola, J.F. and Fuller, W.H., (1992) Effect of four alcohols on adsorption and movement of cadmium, nickel and zinc through soils Chemosphere 24 1855–1866 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90239-N.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mui, K.K. and McBride, W.E., (1974) The stability of some metal complexes in mixed solvents Canadian Journal of Chemistry 52 1821–1833 10.1139/v74-261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, R.S. and Quirk, J.P., (1982) The physical swelling of clays in solvents Soil Science Society of America Journal 46 865–868 10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600040039x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S. Posner, A.M. and Quirk, J.P., (1974) Swelling of montmorillonite in polar organic liquids Clays and Clay Minerals 22 361–365 10.1346/CCMN.1974.0220407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, R.G. and Zachara, J.M., (1992) Chemical Contaminants on DOE Land and Selection of Contaminant Mixtures for Subsurface Science Research Washington, D.C. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Subsurface Science Program.Google Scholar
Sawhney, B.L. and Kozloski, R.P., (1984) Organic pollutants in leachates from landfill sites Journal of Environmental Quality 13 349–352 10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300030005x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheets, P.J. and Fuller, W.H., (1986) Transport of cadmium hy organic solvents through soils Soil Science Society of America Journal 50 24–28 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000010005x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R.M. and Martell, A.E., (1976) Critical Stability Constants. Vol. 4: Inorganic Complexes New York and London Plenum Press 104 10.1007/978-1-4757-5506-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spivey, H.O. and Shedlovsky, T., (1967) Studies of electrolytic conductance in alcohol-water mixtures. I. Hydraulic acid, sodium chloride, and sodium acetate at 0, 25, and 35° in ethanol-water mixtures Journal of Physical Chemistry 71 2165–2171 10.1021/j100866a030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sposito, G., (1981) The Thermodynamics of Soil Solutions New York Oxford University Press 139.Google Scholar
Sposito, G. Holtzclaw, K. Charlet, L. Jouany, C. and Page, A.L., (1983) Sodium-calcium and sodium-magnesium exchange on Wyoming bentonite in perchlorate and chloride background ionic media Soil Science Society of America Journal 47 51–56 10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700010010x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srour, R., (2004) Metal surface reactions in mixed aqueous organic solvents USA West Virginia University, West Virginia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmermans, J., (1960) The Physico-Chemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions IV 40–207.Google Scholar
Van Bladel, R. and Gheyi, H.R., (1980) Thermodynamic study of calcium-sodium and calcium-magnesium exchange in calcareous soils Soil Science Society of America Journal 44 938–942 10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050012x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xue, Y. and Traina, S.J., (1996) Cosolvent effect on goethite surface protonation Environmental Science and Technology 30 3161–3166 10.1021/es9507168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xue, Y. and Traina, S., (1996) Stability of metal-organic complexes in acetone- and methanol-water mixtures Environmental Science and Technology 30 3177–3183 10.1021/es950740l.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z.Z. and Sparks, D.L., (1996) Sodium-copper exchange on Wyoming montmorillonite in chloride, perchlorate, nitrate, and sulfate solutions Soil Science Society of America Journal 60 1750–1757 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060020x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar