Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:11:29.852Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Dependence of Localized Crystallization of Halloysite and Kaolinite on Primary Minerals in the Weathering Profile of Granite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Gi Young Jeong
Gi Young Jeong*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The formation of kaolin-group minerals in the weathering profile of granite, under the humid, temperate climate as found in Korea, was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron microprobe analysis (EMA). The granite was gradually weathered to saprolite. K-rich feldspar was not weathered in the profile, but plagioclase partially weathered to halloysite septa (i.e., wall-like masses). At the bottom of the profile, biotite had weathered to regularly interstratified biotite-vermiculite (B-V), and subsequently to kaolinite, with a considerable increase in grain volume. In the upper part of the profile, loose aggregates of transported clays, including halloysite and kaolinite, coated the preformed halloysite septa in the weathered plagioclase. Halloysite had precipitated as a metastable phase in the microfissures of partially weathered plagioclase. Kaolinite had precipitated heavily in the weathered biotite, where surfaces supply abundant templates facilitating the nucleation of kaolinite. The localized crystallization of halloysite and kaolinite, depending on the distribution of primary minerals, strongly influenced the kaolin mineralogy of the granite weathering profile.

Keywords

BiotiteGraniteHalloysiteKaoliniteWeathering
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , April 2000 , pp. 196 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Anovitz, L.M. Perkins, D. and Essene, E.J., 1991 Metastability in near-surface rocks of minerals in the system A12O3-SiO2-H2O Clays and Clay Minerals 39 225–233 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banfield, J.F. and Eggleton, R.A., 1988 Transmission electron microscope study of biotite weathering Clays and Clay Minerals 36 47–60 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banfield, J.E. and Eggleton, R.A., 1990 Analytical transmission electron microscope studies of plagioclase, muscovite, and K-feldspar weathering Clays and Clay Minerals 38 77–89 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, P.-Y. Lin, M.-L. and Zheng, Z., 1997 On the origin of the name kaolin and the kaolin deposits of the Kauling and Dazhou areas, Kiangsi, China Applied Clay Science 12 1–25 10.1016/S0169-1317(97)00007-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G.J. and Gilkes, R.J., 1989 Recognition of intermediates in the possible transformation of halloysite to kaolinite in the weathering profiles Clay Minerals 24 579–590 10.1180/claymin.1989.024.4.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Churchman, G.J. Whitton, J.S. Claridge, G.G.C. and Theng, B.K.G., 1984 Intercalation method using formamide for differentiating halloysite from kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 32 241–248 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, H. Peacor, D.R. and Murphy, S.F., 1998 TEM study of progressive alteration of igneous biotite to kaolinite throughout a weathered soil profile Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 1881–1888 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00096-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilkes, R.J. Suddhiprakarn, A. and Armitage, T.M., 1980 Scanning electron microscope morphology of deeply weathered granite Clays and Clay Minerals 28 29–34 10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeong, G.Y., 1992 Mineralogy and genesis of kaolin in the Sancheong district, Korea Seoul, Korea Seoul National University.Google Scholar
Jeong, G.Y., 1998 Formation of vermicular kaolinite from halloysite aggregates in the weathering of plagioclase Clays and Clay Minerals 46 270–279 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeong, G.Y., 1998 Vermicular kaolinite epitactic on primary phyllosilicates in the weathering profiles of anorthosite Clays and Clay Minerals 46 509–520 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460306.Google Scholar
Jeong, G.Y. and Kim, S.J., 1993 Boxwork fabric of halloysite-rich kaolin formed by weathering of anorthosite in Sancheong area, Korea Clays and Clay Minerals 41 56–65 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, W.D., 1977 Scan electron micrographs of kaolins collected from diverse environments of origin—IV. Georgia kaolin and kaolinizing source rocks Clays and Clay Minerals 25 311–345 10.1346/CCMN.1977.0250501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, WD C H Johns, W.D. and Meng, C.-S., 1980 Kaolin from original Kauling (Gaoling) mine locality, Kiangsi province, China Clays and Clay Minerals 28 97–104 10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, D.S., 1987 Geology of Korea Seoul, Korea Kyohak-Sa.Google Scholar
Morse, J.W. and Casey, W.H., 1988 Ostwald process and mineral paragenesis in sediments American Journal of Science 288 537–560 10.2475/ajs.288.6.537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, S.F. Brantley, S.L. Blum, A.E. White, A.F. and Dong, H., 1998 Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: II. Rate and mechanism of biotite weathering Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 227–243 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00336-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parham, W.E. and Heller, L., 1969 Halloysite-rich tropical weathering products of Hong Kong Proceedings of International Clay Conference, 1969, Tokyo Jerusalem Israel University Press 403–416.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C., Brindley, G.W. and Brown, G., 1981 Interstratified clay minerals Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-ray Identification London Mineralogical Society 249–303.Google Scholar
Robertson, I.D.M. and Eggleton, R.A., 1991 Weathering of granitic muscovite to kaolinite and halloysite and of plagioclase-derived kaolinite to halloysite Clays and Clay Minerals 39 113–126 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robie, R.A. and Waldbaum, D.R., 1968 Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15°K (25°C) and One Atmosphere (1.013 bars) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1259.Google Scholar
Robie, R.A. Hemingway, B.S. and Fisher, J.R., 1978 Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 °K (25°C) and 1 Bar (10° Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1452.Google Scholar
Samotoin, N.D. and Chekin, S.S., 1993 Helical growth of kaolinite crystal in layer silicates Abstracts of 10th International Clay Conference, 1993, Adelaide 143.Google Scholar
Schroeder, P.A. Kim, J.G. and Melear, N.D., 1997 Mineralogical and textural criteria for recognizing remnant Cenozoic deposits on the Piedmont: Evidence from Sparta and Greene County, Georgia, U.S.A Sedimentary Geology 108 195–206 10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00054-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B., 1996 Why does halloysite roll?—A new model Clays and Clay Minerals 44 191–196 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, B. and Gilkes, R.J., 1992 Weathering of a chromian muscovite to kaolinite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 571–579.Google Scholar
Singh, B. and Mackinnon, D.R., 1996 Experimental transformation of kaolinite to halloysite Clays and Clay Minerals 44 825–834 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steefel, C.I. and Van Cappellen, P., 1990 A new kinetic approach to modeling water-rock interaction: The role of nucleation, precursors, and Ostwald ripening Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 2657–2677 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90003-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stumm, W., 1992 Chemistry of the Solid-Water Interface New York John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Weaver, C.E., 1989 Clays, Muds, and Shales Amsterdam Elsevier.Google Scholar