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Clay-Mineral Transformations and Heavy-Metal Release in Paddy Soils Formed on Serpentinites in Eastern Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Zeng-Yei Hseu ,
Franz Zehetner ,
Franz Ottner  and
Yoshi Iizuka
Zeng-Yei Hseu*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
Franz Zehetner
Affiliation:
Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Franz Ottner
Affiliation:
Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
Yoshi Iizuka
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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Serpentinites, which contain high concentrations of Cr and Ni, weather easily into layer silicates and are therefore a possible source of metal contamination in soils. In the present study three soil profiles formed on serpentinites in a paddy field in eastern Taiwan were investigated to understand pedogenic clay-mineral transformations and to determine the relationship between the mineralogical characteristics and labile Cr and Ni in the soil. To this end, physicochemical analyses, micromorphology, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. Serpentine and chlorite were the dominant minerals in the soil parent material, with smaller amounts of pyroxene, amphibole, and talc. Progressive weathering and the release of cations from the parent material resulted in the pedogenic formation of smectite, vermiculite, and interstratified chlorite-vermiculite, demonstrated by their presence in all Ap and AC horizons but their absence from the C horizons. Serpentine, pyroxene, amphibole, and talc are proposed to be transformed to low-charge smectite, while chlorite transformed to vermiculite through an interstratified chlorite-vermiculite phase. The surface soils were enriched in oxalate-extractable Fe relative to the subsoils, which was probably generated by the artificial flooding and draining of the paddy soils. The artificial flooding, which typically releases Fe, may also drive the observed partial hydroxyl interlayering of smectite and incomplete interlayer OH sheets of chlorite. Labile Cr and Ni (extracted with 0.1 N HCl) ranging from 4.7 to 26.8 mg kg−1 and from 56 to 365 mg kg−1, respectively, increased significantly toward the surface soil, consistent with weathering. The heavy metals released may pose a threat to the environment as well as to human health by entering the food chain.

Keywords

ChloriteHeavy MetalPaddy SoilSerpentineSmectiteVermiculite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , April 2015 , pp. 119 - 131
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2015

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