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Clay Mineral Changes in the Morrow Experimental Plots, University of Illinois

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

B. Velde  and
T. Peck
B. Velde*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75231 Paris, France
T. Peck
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61C81, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

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The clay mineralogy of soil samples from the Morrow Plot Experiment (University of Illinois, Urbana Campus) was investigated. Analysis of soil samples taken at various intervals between 1913 and 1996 indicates that there is a significant influence of cropping method on the clay minerals in the soils. Curve decomposition methods were used to identify and follow the evolution of the different clay minerals: mica, illite and two randomly mixed-layered illite-smectite phases. The most striking difference is seen for continuous corn and corn-oats-hay rotations. Little change in clay mineralogy is seen in the rotation plot while a significant loss of illitic material from different phases was noted for the continuous-corn cultivation plots. Use of NPK fertilizer since 1955 appears to restore the clay mineralogy in continuous-corn cropping compared to that of the 1913 samples. From these data it appears that the I-S minerals play the role of a K buffer, becoming K-poor when the soil cannot furnish enough K from mineral reserves of detrital phases and K-rich when the soil is able to release enough K to enter into the I-S minerals, where it is available during a growing season, for plant growth.

Keywords

Clay MineralsCorn-croppingMorrow PlotsSoilUSA
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , June 2002 , pp. 364 - 370
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

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