Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T13:21:17.310Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chlorite in Metabasites from the Mikabu and North Chichibu Belts, Southwest Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Masaaki Miyahara ,
Ryuji Kitagawa  and
Seiichiro Uehara
Masaaki Miyahara*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
Ryuji Kitagawa
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
Seiichiro Uehara
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, 33, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Chlorites formed as a replacement of phenocrysts in metabasites from the pumpellyite-actinolite to lower-greenschist facies Mikabu and North Chichibu belts in southwest Japan were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The metabasites contain a small quantity of fine-grained smectite and corrensite in the <1 μm size fraction. The chlorite also contains trace amounts of Ca, Na and K, which generally appear to be associated with smectite stacked in chlorite packets. The smectite layers comprise up to 13% of the chlorite domains. Theoretical estimates of the smectite ratio by the Wise method using EMPA data coincide well with the ratio determined based on HRTEM observations in most chlorites. However, in some chlorites with high proportions of Ca, Na and K, the cations cannot be reasonably attributed to smectite alone. Based on the present analyses, Ca, Na and K cations are also hosted in discrete interstitial phases of fine-grained smectite and corrensite as possible retrograde metamorphic products. These findings suggest that care should be taken in application of the Wise method to estimate the smectite ratio, and that the whole-rock chlorite composition may not be suitable as a geothermometer.

Keywords

ChloriteCorrensiteEMPAHRTEMJapanMetabasiteSmectiteXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 5 , October 2005 , pp. 466 - 477
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2005

References

Ahn, J.H. and Peacor, D.R., (1985) Transmission electron microscopic study of diagenetic chlorite in Gulf coast argillaceous sediments Clays and Clay Minerals 33 228–236 10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alt, J.C., Frey, M. and Rohinson, D., (1999) Very low-grade hydrothermal metamorphism of basic igneous rocks Low-grade Metamorphism UK Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford 169–201.Google Scholar
Árkai, P. and Ghahrial, D.S., (1997) Chlorite crystallinity as an indicator of metamorphic grade of low-temperature metaigneous rocks: a case study from the Bükk Mountains, northeast Hungary Clay Minerals 32 205–222 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.2.04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, S.W., (1980) Summary of recommendations of AIPEA nomenclature committee on clay minerals American Mineralogist 65 1–7.Google Scholar
Banno, S. Sakai, C., Daly, J.S. Cliff, R.A. and Yardley, B.W.D., (1989) Geology and metamorphic evolution of the Sanhagawa metamorphic belt, Japan Evolution of Metamorphic Belts UK Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 519–532.Google Scholar
Barrenechea, J.F. Rodas, M. Frey, M. Alonso-Azcárate, J. and Mas, J.R., (2000) Chlorite, corrensite, and chlorite-mica in late Jurassic Fluvio-Lacustrine sediments of the Cameros Basin of Northeastern Spain Clays and Clay Minerals 48 256–265 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettison, L.A. and Schiffman, P., (1988) Compositional and structural variations of phyllosilicates from the Point Sal ophiolite, California American Mineralogist 73 62–76.Google Scholar
Bettison-Varga, L. Mackinnon, I.D.R. and Schiffman, P., (1991) Integrated TEM, XRD and electron microprohe investigation of mixed-layer chlorite-smectite from the Point Sal ophiolite, California Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 697–710 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00559.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bevins, R.E. Rohinson, D. and Rowhotham, G., (1991) Compositional variations in mafic phyllosilicates from regional low-grade metahasites and application of the chlorite geothermometer Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 711–721 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00560.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, P.M., (1975) Mineralogy of New Caledonian Metamorphic Rocks Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 49 269–284 10.1007/BF00376180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buatier, M.D. Früh-Green, G.L. and Karpoff, A.M., (1995) Mechanisms of Mg-phyllosilicate formation in a hydrothermal system at a sedimented ridge (Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 122 134–151 10.1007/s004100050117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cathelineau, M., (1988) Cation site occupancy in chlorites and illites as a function of temperature Clay Minerals 23 471–485 10.1180/claymin.1988.023.4.13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cathelineau, M. and Nieva, D., (1985) A chlorite solid solution geothermometer The Los Azufres (Mexico) geothermal system Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 91 235–244 10.1007/BF00413350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dallmeyer, R.D. Takasu, A. and Yamaguchi, K., (1995) Mesozoic tectonothermal development of the Sanhagawa, Mikahu and Chichihu belts, south-west Japan: evidence from 40Ar/39Ar whole-rock phyllite ages Journal of Metamorphic Geology 13 271–286 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1995.tb00218.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fawcett, J.J. Yoder, H.S. Jr., (1966) Phase relationships of chlorites in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O American Mineralogist 51 353–380.Google Scholar
Foster, M.D., (1962) Interpretation of the composition and a classification of the chlorites Washington, D.C. US Government Printing Office 10.3133/pp414A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guthrie, G.D. Jr. and Vehlen, D.R., (1990) Interpreting onedimensional high-resolution transmission electron micrographs of sheet silicates by computer simulation American Mineralogist 75 276–288.Google Scholar
Hillier, S. and Velde, B., (1991) Octahedral occupancy and the chemical composition of diagenetic (low-temperature) chlorites Clay Minerals 26 149–168 10.1180/claymin.1991.026.2.01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, A. and Utada, M., (1991) Smectite-to-chlorite transformation in thermally metamorphosed volcanoclastic rocks in the Kamikita area, northern Honshu, Japan American Mineralogist 76 628–640.Google Scholar
Isozaki, Y. and Itaya, T., (1990) K-Ar ages of weakly metamorphosed rocks at the northern margin of Kurosegawa Terrane in central Shikoku and western Kii Peninsula — extent of the Kurosegawa Terrane in Southwest Japan Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 96 623–639 10.5575/geosoc.96.623.Google Scholar
Isozaki, Y. Maruyama, S. and Furuoka, F., (1990) Accreted oceanic materials in Japan Tectonophysics 181 179–205 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90016-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahren, J.S. and Aagaard, P., (1989) Compositional variations in diagenetic chlorites and illites, and relationships with formation-water chemistry Clay Minerals 24 157–170 10.1180/claymin.1989.024.2.04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, R.S. Tumock, A.C. and Fawcett, J.J., (1976) The stability and phase relations of iron chlorite below 8.5 kh PH2O Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 56 1–25 10.1007/BF00375418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, W.-T. and Peacor, D.R., (1991) Transmission electron microscopic study of the kaolinitization of muscovite Clays and Clay Minerals 39 1–13 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, W.-T. Peacor, D.R. and Slack, J.F., (1992) Microstructures, mixed layering, and polymorphism of chlorite and retrograde herthierine in the Kidd creek massive sulfide deposit, Ontario Clays and Clay Minerals 40 501–514 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, W.-T. Peacor, D.R. and Buseck, P.R., (1994) Chlorite geothermometry? Contamination and apparent octahedral vacancies Clays and Clay Minerals 42 593–605 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kashima, N., (1969) Stratigraphical Studies of the Chichihu Belt in Western Shikoku Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D Geology 19 387–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawato, K. Isozaki, Y. and Itaya, T., (1991) Geotectonic boundary between the Sanhagawa and Chichihu belts in central Shikoku, Southwest Japan Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 97 959–975 10.5575/geosoc.97.959.Google Scholar
Klimentidis, R.E. and Mackinnon, I.D.R., (1986) High-resolution imaging of ordered mixed-layer clays Clays and Clay Minerals 34 155–164 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Munguira, A. Nieto, F. and Morata, D., (2002) Chlorite compositions and geothermometry: a comparative HRTEM/ AEM-EMPA-XRD study of Cambrian basic lavas from the Ossa Morena Zone, SW Spain Clay Minerals 37 267–281 10.1180/0009855023720033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Serrano, R.G. and Dubois, M., (1998) Chemical variations in chlorite at the Los Humeros geothermal system, Mexico Clay Minerals 46 615–628 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maruyama, S. and Liou, J.G., (1985) The stability of Ca-Na pyroxene in low-grade metabasites of high-pressure intermediate facies series American Mineralogist 70 16–29.Google Scholar
Mata, M.P. Giorgetti, G. Arkai, P. and Peacor, D.R., (2001) Comparison of evolution of trioctahedral chlorite/berthierine/smectite in coeval metabasites and metapelites from diagenetic to epizonal grades Clays and Clay Minerals 49 318–332 10.1346/CCMN.2001.0490406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuoka, A., (1985) Middle Jurassic Keta Formation of the southern part of the Middle Chichihu Terrane in the Sakawa area, Kochi Prefecture, Southwest Japan Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 91 411–420 10.5575/geosoc.91.411.Google Scholar
McDowell, S.D. and Elders, W.A., (1980) Authigenic layer silicate minerals in Borehole Elmore 1, Salton Sea Geothermal Field, California, USA Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 74 293–310 10.1007/BF00371699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyahara, M., (2004) Genesis and mineralogical study on chlorite in metabasites in the Mikahu belt and the North-Chichihu belt, Shikoku Island, SW Japan Japan University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima.Google Scholar
Miyahara, M. and Ishisako, H., (2004) The simple preparation technique of a fragile specimen for HRTEM observation Clay Science 12 271–275.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. Reynolds, R.C. Jr., (1997) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morikiyo, T., (1979) Petrological study on the Mikahu green rocks from Kenzan district, Tokushima Prefecture Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 85 299–306 10.5575/geosoc.85.299.Google Scholar
Murata, A., (1982) Large Decke Structures and their formative process in the Samhagawa-Chichihu, Kurosegawa and Samhosan terrains, Southwest Japan Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section 2, Geology, Mineralogy, Geography, Geophysics 20 383–424.Google Scholar
Ozawa, H. Motoyama, S. Inoue, S. Kato, Y. and Murata, M., (1999) Petrology of basic volcanics of the Mikahu greenstone complex in the eastern Shikoku The Memoirs of the Geological Society of Japan 52 217–228.Google Scholar
Schiffman, P. and Fridleifsson, G.O., (1991) The smectite-chlorite transition in drillhole Nj-15, Nesjavellir geothermal field, Iceland: XRD, BSE and electron microprohe investigations Journal of Metamorphic Geology 9 679–696 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00558.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, D. Livi, K.J.T. and Frey, M., (1999) Reaction progress in chloritic material: an electron microheam study of the Taveyanne greywacke, Switzerland Journal of Metamorphic Geology 17 229–241 10.1046/j.1525-1314.1999.00195.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharp, T.G. and Buseck, P.R., (1988) Prograde versus retrograde chlorite-amphibole intergrowths in a calc-silicate rock American Mineralogist 73 1292–1301.Google Scholar
Shau, Y.-H. and Peacor, D.R., (1992) Phyllosilicates in hydrothermally altered basalts from DSDP Hole 504B, Leg83 — a TEM and AEM study Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 112 119–133 10.1007/BF00310959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suyari, K. Kuwano, Y. and Ishida, K., (1980) Stratigraphy and geological structure of the Mikahu Greenrock Terrain and its environs — I The Tosa-cho and Motoyama-cho Areas, central Kochi Prefecture Journal of Science, University of Tokushima 8 63–82.Google Scholar
Suyari, K. Kuwano, Y. and Ishida, K., (1982) Stratigraphy and geological structure of the Mikahu Greenrock Terrain and its environs — II Some information about the Mesozoic stratigraphy of the North Suh-helt of the Chichihu Belt Journal of Science, University of Tokushima 15 51–71.Google Scholar
Suzuki, T., (1972) Volcanism and metamorphism of the Mikahu Green-Rocks in Central and Western Shikoku Research reports of Kochi University, Natural Science 21 39–62.Google Scholar
Suzuki, S. and Ishizuka, H., (1998) Low-grade metamorphism of the Mikahu and northern Chichihu belts in central Shikoku, SW Japan: implications for the areal extent of the Sanhagawa low-grade metamorphism Journal of Metamorphic Geology 16 107–116 10.1111/j.1525-1314.1998.00066.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takeda, K., (1984) Geological and petrological studies of the Mikahu Greenstones in Eastern Shikoku, southwest Japan Journal of Science of Hiroshima University, Series C 8 221–282.Google Scholar
Xie, X. Byerly, G.R. Ferrell, R.E. Jr., (1997) lib trioctahedral chlorite from the Barberton greenstone belt: crystal structure and rock composition constraints with implications to geothermometry Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 126 275–291 10.1007/s004100050250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zane, A. Sassi, R. and Guidotti, C.V., (1998) New data on metamorphic chlorite as a petrogenetic indicator mineral, with special regard to greenschist-facies rocks The Canadian Mineralogist 36 713–726.Google Scholar