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Berthierine and Chamosite in Coal Measures of Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Azuma Iljima  and
Ryo Matsumoto
Azuma Iljima
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan
Ryo Matsumoto
Affiliation:
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan
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Abstract

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Berthierine (formerly chamosite) occurs as concretions, lenses, and bands in carbonaceous, kaolinitic shale of freshwater coal-swamp deposits in Paleogene and Upper Triassic coal measures of Japan. Textural relations in thin sections of the Triassic berthierine rocks and a siderite-kaolinite-berthierine-quartz assemblage in Paleogene rocks indicate that the berthierine formed by reaction of siderite with kaolinite. The transformation of siderite and kaolinite to berthierine and quartz occurs progressively under reducing conditions between 65° and 150°C and at burial depths of 2–5 km. Utatsu berthierine is an aluminous, low-Mg variety as compared with berthierine pellets in modern marine and estuarine sediments and in ancient marine ironstones. Fe is the dominant octahedral cation with Fe2+ ≫ Fe3+. The composition of the berthierine varies between different morphological types. Utatsu berthierine transformed to ferrous chamosite when kaolinite in the host shale changed to pyrophyllite. These transformations are estimated to have occurred at ∼160°C and at a burial depth of ∼3 km.

Резюме

Резюме

Бертиерин (раньше хамосит) выступает в виде конкреций, ленсов, и полос в карбонатных, каолинитовых сланцах в свежеводных, углеболотных осадах в палеогенных и выше-триасовых каменноугольных пластах Японии. Текстурные отношения в тонких секциях триасовых бертие-риновых пород и скоплений сидерит-каолинит-бертиерин-кварц в палеогенных породах указывают на то, что бертиерин образовался путем реакции сидерита и каолинита. Трансформирование сидерита и кординита в бертиерин и кварц выступает прогрессивно в восстановленных условиях между 65° и 150°С на глубине погребения 2 до 5 км. Бертиерин из Ютатсу является алюминиевого, низко-Мg сорта по сравнению с бертиериновыми таблетками в современных морских и эстуарных осадках и в древних морских железных рудах. Ре является основным октаэдрическим катионом с Ре2+ ≫ Ре3+. Состав бертиерина различен для разных морфологических типов. Бертиерин из Ютатсу преобразовался в железистый хомосит, когда каолинит в материнском сланце изменился в пирофиллит. Оценивается, что эти преобразования осуществились при температуре 160°С и на глубине погребения порядка 3 км. [Е.С.]

Resümee

Resümee

Berthierit (früher Chamosit) tritt als Konkretionen, Linsen, und Bänder in kohligem, Kaolinithaltigem Schieferton von Süßwasser-Kohlelagerstätten in paläogenen und obertriassischen Kohleschichten von Japan auf. Die Gefügemerkmale in Dünnschliffen der triassischen Berthierit-Gesteine und eine Siderit-Kaolinit-Berthierit-Quarz-Vergesellschaftung in paläogenen Gesteinen deuten darauf bin, daß sich der Berthierit durch die Reaktion von Siderit mit Kaolinit bildete. Die Umwandlung von Siderit und Kaolinit in Berthierit und Quarz findet in zunehmendem Maße unter reduzierenden Bedingungen zwischen 65° und 150°C und bei einer Überlagerung von 2–5 km statt. Der Berthierit von Utatsu ist verglichen mit Berthierit-Pellets in jungen marinen und ästuarinen Sedimenten und alten marinen Eisensteinen eine Al-haltige Varietät mit wenig Mg. In oktaedrischer Koordination tritt vor allem Fe auf, wobei Fe2+ ≫ Fe3+. Die Berthieritzusammensetzung schwankt zwischen den einzelnen morphologischen Typen. Der Utatsu Berthierit wandelte sich in Fe-haltigen Chamosit um, wenn sich der Kaolinit im Muttergestein in Pyrophyllit umwandelte. Es wird angenommen, daß diese Umwandlungen bei ∼160°C und bei einer Überlagerung von ∼3 km stattfanden. [U.W.]

Résumé

Résumé

La benthiérine (autrefois la chamosite) est trouvée en concrétions, en formes lenticulaires, et en bandes dans du shale kaolinitique de dépôts de charbon-marécage d'eau douce dans des mesures de charbon d’âge paléogène et haut triassique du Japon. Des relations texturales dans des sections minces des roches benthiérine triassiques et un assemblage benthiérine-kaolinite-quartz dans les roches paléogènes indiquent que la benthiérine a étè formée par la réaction de sidérite avec la kaolinite. La transformation de sidérite et de kaolinite en benthiérine et quartz se passe progressivement sous des conditions de réduction entre 65° et 150°C et à des profondeurs d'ensevelissement de 2–5 km. La benthiérine Utatsu est une variété alumineuse, à bas Mg comparée aux boulettes de benthiérine dans des sédiments marins et estuarins modernes et dans d'anciennes roches ferreuses marines. Fe est le cation octaèdral dominant avec Fe2+ ≫ Fe3+. La composition de la benthiérine varie entre differents types morphologiques. La benthiérine Utatsu s'est transformée en chamosite ferreuse lorsque la kaolinite dans le shale hôte s'est changée en pyrophylite. On estime que ces transformations se sont passées à 160°C et à une profondeur d'ensevelissement de ∼3 km. [D.J.]

Keywords

BerthierineChamositeCoalGenesisIronSiderite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , August 1982 , pp. 264 - 274
Copyright
Copyright © 1982, The Clay Minerals Society

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