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Beidellite and Associated Clays from the Delamar Mine and Florida Mountain Area, Idaho

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

J. L. Post ,
B. L. Cupp  and
F. T. Madsen
J. L. Post
Affiliation:
Vector Engineering, Inc., 12438 Loma Rica Drive, Suite C, Grass Valley, California 95945
B. L. Cupp
Affiliation:
De Lamar Silver Mine, PO Box 103, Jordan Valley, Oregon 97910
F. T. Madsen
Affiliation:
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Division of Geotechnical Engineering, Laboratory for Clay Mineralogy, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract

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There has been much interest in the rare specimen of beidellite from the Black Jack Mine, Florida Mountain, Idaho. A variety of aluminous clays exists along veins such as the Black Jack vein, in rhyolite and latite flows, and in near-surface ash beds, often containing less than 1.0% MgO and 0.5% Na20. Associated clays include beidellite, illite, kaolinite, 10-Å halloysite, dickite, nacrite, rectorite and a tarasovite-like mineral. The predominant clay is mixed-layer illite—beidellite. The beidellites have Al2O3 contents ranging from about 28 to 33%, and predominantly Ca and K as interlayer cations. The typical beidellite dehydroxylation temperatures of about 595 °C readily differentiate the beidellite from montmorillonite, which has a dehydroxylation temperature in the range of 735 °C. A modified differential thermal analysis (DTA) method is given for readily estimating the interlayer cation populations of smectites, including Mg++ and Al+++ cations. Chemical analyses and layer charges of II beidellites from mines around the Black Jack Mine are given. The beidellites have an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification of CR, φ value, internal friction angle of about 8° and an expansion pressure of about 9 kgf/cm2 (88.3 kPa), similar to that of nontronite.

Keywords

BeidelliteClay ChemistryDifferential Thermal AnalysisIllite-BeidelliteRectoriteX-ray Powder Diffraction
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , April 1997 , pp. 240 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © 1997, The Clay Minerals Society

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