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Prediction of swelling characteristics of compacted GMZ bentonite in salt solution incorporating ion-exchange reactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Guosheng Xiang ,
Yongfu Xu ,
Feng Yu ,
Yuan Fang  and
Yi Wang
Guosheng Xiang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
Yongfu Xu
Affiliation:
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
Feng Yu*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
Yuan Fang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
Yi Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 243002, Maanshan, Anhui, China
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

Salt solutions have complex effects on the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite; these effects are caused by the inhibitory action of salinity and the ion-exchange reaction between the solution and bentonite. In order to characterize the swelling properties of compacted bentonite in a salt solution, swelling deformation tests were carried out for Gao-Miao-Zi (GMZ) bentonite specimens in NaCl and CaCl2 solutions. Swelling characteristics decreased with increasing salt concentration. Swelling strains in NaCl solution were larger than those in CaCl2 solution, even though the ionic concentration of 1.0 mol/L (M) NaCl solution is larger than that of 0.5 M CaCl2. According to the exchangeable cations tests, cation exchange was different for specimens immersed in different salt solutions. The swelling fractal model was used to predict the swelling strains of compacted bentonite in a concentrated salt solution. In this model, the effective stress incorporating osmotic suction was applied to take the effect of salinity into consideration, and the swelling coefficient, K, was employed to describe the swelling properties affected by the variation in exchangeable cations. In the model, fractal dimension was measured by nitrogen adsorption, and the salt solution had little effect on fractal dimension. K was estimated by the diffuse double layer (DDL) model for osmotic swelling in distilled water. Comparison of fractal model estimations with experimental data demonstrated that the new model performed well in predicting swelling characteristics affected by a salt solution.

Keywords

BentoniteFractal ModelIon-exchange ReactionSalt SolutionSwelling Characteristics
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , 15 April 2019 , pp. 163 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2019

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