Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:31:04.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Swelling Pressures of Dilute Na-Montmorillonite Pastes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

B. P. Warkentin  and
R. K. Schofield
B. P. Warkentin
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Physics, Macdonald College, McGill University, Canada Department of Agriculture, University of Oxford, UK
R. K. Schofield
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Physics, Macdonald College, McGill University, Canada Department of Agriculture, University of Oxford, UK
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Swelling pressures calculated from diffuse double-layer theory previously had been experimentally verified for Na-montmorillonite at clay concentrations above 10 percent, but published data at clay concentrations less than 5 percent consistently showed osmotic pressures much lower than the maximum of about 40 cm water calculated from theory. Swelling pressures of Na-montmorillonite in 4–5 percent orientated suspensions were therefore measured in an specially constructed osmometer in various solutions of NaCl up to 1.25 mN. The osmometer construction allowed solutions of desired concentration to be flushed continually across the membrane separating solution from clay. It was found that soluble impurities present in the clay decreased swelling pressures to about 1 cm of water. When these were removed during sample preparation, most efficiently by ultrafiltration through a dialysis membrane, swelling pressures measured were in satisfactory agreement with calculated values. The impurities were not identified chemically, but buffer curves of the solution toward HCl were determined.

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 7 , February 1958 , pp. 343 - 349
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1958

Footnotes

Work done during tenure of a National Research Council of Canada Fellowship at the University of Oxford.

References

Coleman, N. T. and Jakobi, W. J. (1954) Ion activities and osmotic pressures in clay- water systems: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 18, pp. 19–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langmuir, I. (1938) The role of attractive and repulsive forces in the formation of tac toids, thixotropic gels, protein crystals and coacervates: J. Chem. Phys., v. 6, pp. 873–896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nutting, P. G. (1943) The action of some aqueous solutions on clays of the montmorillonite group: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper, 197F, pp. 217–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, R. K. (1946) Ionic forces in thick films of liquid between charged surfaces: Trans. Faraday Soc., v. 42B, pp. 219–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warkentin, B. P., Bolt, G. H. and Miller, R. D. (1957) The swelling pressure of montmorillonite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., Proc., v. 21, pp. 495–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K. (1954) The swelling of montmorillonite: Disc. Faraday Soc., v. 18, pp. 120–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H. (1954) Interlayer forces in bentonite: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 327, pp. 418–438.Google Scholar
Warkentin, B. P., Bolt, G. H. and Miller, R. D. (1957) The swelling pressures of montmorillonite: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., v. 21, pp. 495–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar