Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T20:01:49.791Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mineralogical Problems of Intermediate Clay Minerals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Toshio Sudo ,
Hisato Hayashi  and
Susumu Shimoda
Toshio Sudo
Affiliation:
Geological and Mineralogical Institute Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Education, Japan
Hisato Hayashi
Affiliation:
Geological and Mineralogical Institute Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Education, Japan
Susumu Shimoda
Affiliation:
Geological and Mineralogical Institute Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Education, Japan
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

On the basis of mineralogical studies on many kinds of clay minerals found in Japan, the writers attach great importance to subtle variations in clay minerals and discuss them in the light of the concept of intermediate minerals. An intermediate mineral behaves partly as one mineral (say A) with certain treatments, and as mineral B under other conditions. There are two types of intermediate minerals: the deviation type and the mixed-layer type. The deviation type is homogeneous enough in its structure that we can describe it as composed of a combination of clearly different layer groups. The mixed-layer type has an interstratified structure of two or more kinds of layers. Furthermore it is suggested that each component layer of the mixed-layer type, in general, shows the properties of the deviation type. As an example of a mineral that can be discussed in light of the intermediate mineral concept, the writers describe the properties of very complex mixed-layer minerals related to mica clay minerals associated with epithermal ore deposits in Japan. Normally the mixed-layer minerals are found where there has been successive attack under different conditions of chemical environment or in an area that is transitional between two different chemical environments.

Intermediate minerals in general are considered to be a mineral state (mineral configuration) modified in various degrees from an original mineral in response to successive changes of environmental conditions. The above viewpoints are supported by study of many clay specimens collected from alteration zones of epithermal ore deposits in Japan.

It is considered that formation of intermediate minerals may be originated because of a latent defect structure in the original mineral. Polar character that is due to unequal distribution or ratio of the tetrahedral cations in a silicate layer may be favorable for the formation of the regular mixed-layer structure. Finally, intermediate minerals may be arranged according to the following scheme: Mineral A—deviation type of mineral A—mixed-layer mineral A-B—deviation type of mineral B—mineral B.

Type
General Session
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 9 , February 1960 , pp. 378 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 1960

References

Brindley, G. W. (1956) Allevardite, a swelling double-layer mica mineral: Amer. Min., v. 41, pp. 91–103.Google Scholar
Brown, George (1953) The dioctahedral analogue of vermiculite: Clay Min. Bull., v. 2, pp. 64–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caillère, S., Mathieu-Sicaud, A. and Hénin, S. (1950) Nouvel essai d'identification du mineral de la Table près Allevard, l'allevardite: Franç. Miner. Crist. Bull. 50c, v. 73, pp. 193–201.Google Scholar
Hathaway, J. C. (1955) Studies of some vermiculite-type clay minerals: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 395, pp. 74–86.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C. (1956) Fourier transform methods for studying from lamellar systems, I. A direct method tor analysing interstratified mixtures: Kolloid-Z., v. 149, pp. 96–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephen, I. and MacEwan, D. M. C. (1951) Some chloritic clay minerals of unusual type: Clay Min. Bull., v. 1, pp. 157–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T. (1959) Mineralogical Study on Clays of Japan: Maruzen Co., Tokyo.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. and Hayashi, H. (1956) Types of mixed-layer minerals from Japan: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 456, pp. 389–412.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. and Hayashi, H. (1957) Diaspore found in association with zincblende and pyrite ores of the Hanaoka mine, Akita Prefecture: Min. J., v. 2, pp. 187–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T., Hayashi, H. and Yokohura, H. (1958) Mineral associations in ore deposits: Clay Min. Bull., v. 3, pp. 258–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudo, T. and Kodama, H. (1957) An aluminan mixed-layer mineral of montmorillonite chlorite: Z. Krist., v. 109, pp. 4–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamura, T. (1958) Identification of clay minerals from acid soils: J. Soil Sci., v. 9, pp. 141 to 147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1957) On the differentiation of vermiculites and smectites in clays: Clay Min. Bull., v. 3, pp. 154–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, G. F. (1958) Reactions of expanding-lattice clay minerals with glycerol and ethylene glycol: Clay Min. Bull., v. 3, pp. 302–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar