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Weathering in a marine clay during postglacial time

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

K. Pederstad  and
P. Jørgensen
K. Pederstad
Affiliation:
Norsk Hydro A/S, Kjørbokollen, N-1301 Sandvika
P. Jørgensen
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Norwegian Agricultural University, Box 21, N-1432, Aas-NLH, Norway
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Abstract

Marine clays of SE Norway lifted above sea-level have been subjected to weathering for 8500 years. As a result of this weathering a major part of the quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase disappeared in the 0·2–0·6 µm fraction. Trioctahedral illite passed through the sequence: illite → mixed-layer illite-vermiculite → vermiculite → dissolution. This transformation started at a depth of 3 m, and the 2:1 layers dissolved in the upper part of the profile. Chlorite was broken down by weathering into finer particles. As a result, chlorite was first removed from the coarser fractions. Dioctahedral illite in the clay fractions passed through the following transformations in the upper part of the profile: illite → mixed-layer illite-vermiculite → vermiculite → chloritized vermiculite. Weathering models for the size fractions 0·2–0·6 and 0·2–2 µm showed that total amounts of dissolved material from these fractions in the upper part of the profile could be calculated as 55 and 38%, respectively. Dioctahedral 2:1 layers were most resistant to weathering, resulting in 75% dioctahedral phyllosilicates in the 0·2–0·6 µm fraction in the uppermost part of the profile, in contrast to 30% dioctahedral illite in the unweathered sample. This study illustrates the importance of investigating different fractions and not only material finer than 2 µm.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , December 1985 , pp. 477 - 491
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1985

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