Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T04:20:03.594Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Structural modifications of smectites mechanically deformed under controlled conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

G. E. Christidis ,
F. Dellisanti ,
G. Valdre  and
P. Makri
G. E. Christidis*
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
F. Dellisanti
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geo-Ambientali, Universita di Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, I 40126 Bologna, Italy
G. Valdre
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geo-Ambientali, Universita di Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato, I 40126 Bologna, Italy
P. Makri
Affiliation:
Technical University of Crete, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, 73100 Chania, Greece
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

SWy-1 and SAz-1 smectites and an Italian bentonite from Sardinia were mechanically deformed via high-energy ball milling for 20 h, in a controlled thermodynamic environment at constant temperature (25°C) under vacuum. The deformed smectites have a lower cation exchange capacity (CEC) and form thicker particles than the original ones, due to agglomeration of smectite crystallites. The 001 diffraction maximum shifted to lower d spacings, the intensity of the 060 reflection decreased and the background at 20-30°2θ increased, suggesting partial amorphization of the smectite. Moreover, the layer charge of the smectites decreased. The intensity of the complex stretching band at 3625 cm-1, and the AlAlOH, and AlFe3+OH bending bands at 916 cm-1 and 886 cm-1, respectively, decreased, while the band at AlMgOH bending at 849 cm-1, disappeared. Deformation mainly disrupted the octahedral sheet and preferentially destroyed those sites occupied by Mg cations, thus explaining the observed decrease in layer charge. Octahedral sites occupied by Fe were least affected. The disruption of the octahedral sheet is substantiated further by the almost total disappearance of the dehydroxylation peak, which is more pronounced in the Mg-rich SAz-1 smectite.

Keywords

mechanical deformationgrindingamorphizationsmectitelayer chargeCEC
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , December 2005 , pp. 511 - 522
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, T. (1990) Particle Size Measurement. Vol. 1. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 44–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, J., Madejová, J., Komadel, P. & Fröschl, H. (2002) The influence of structural Fe, Al and Mg on the infrared OH bands in spectra of dioctahedral smectites. Clay Minerals, 37, 607–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonetti, E., Campari, E.G., Pasquini, L., Sampaolesi, E. & Valdrè, G. (1998) Structural and elastic properties of nanocrystalline iron and nickel prepared by ball milling in a controlled thermodynamic environment. Materials Science Forum, 269–273, 1005–1010.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, U. & Lagaly, G. (1988) Rheological properties of sodium montmorillonite dispersions. Applied Clay Science, 3, 263–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brownlow, A.H. (1996) Geochemistry, 2nd edition. Prentice Hall International, London, pp. 239–295.Google Scholar
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H. & Teller, E. (1938) Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 60, 309–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G.E. & Eberl, D.D. (2003) Determination of layer charge characteristics of smectites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 51, 644–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G.E., Makri, P. & Perdikatsis, V. (2004) Influence of grinding on the structure and colour properties of talc, bentonite and calcite white fillers. Clay Minerals, 39, 163–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Čičel, V. & Kranz, G. (1981) Mechanism of montmorillonite structure degradation by percussive grinding. Clay Minerals, 16, 151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dellisanti, F. & Valdre, G. (2005) Study of structural properties of ion treated and mechanically deformed commercial bentonite. Applied Clay Science, 28, 233–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V.C. (1974) The layer silicates. Pp. 331–363 in: The Infrared Spectra of Minerals (Farmer, V.C., editor). Monograph 4, Mineralogical Society, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, S.J. (1968) Surface chemical study of commin- uted and compacted solids. Chemistry and Industry, 11, 611–617.Google Scholar
Gregg, S.J. & Sing, K.S.W. (1982) Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. Academic Press, London, pp. 248–282.Google Scholar
Güven, N. (1988) Smectite. Pp. 497–559 in: Hydrous Phyllosilicates. (Bailey, S.W., editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 19, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C. Google Scholar
Kristoff, E., Zoltan Juhasz, A. & Vassanyi, I. (1993) The effect of mechanical treatment on the crystal structure and thermal behavior of kaolinite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 608–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, J. & Senna, M. (1992) Thermal behavior of mechanically amorphized talc. Thermochimica Acta, 197, 295–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madejová, J., Komadel, P. & Čičel, B. (1994) Infrared study of octahedral site populations in smectites. Clay Minerals, 29, 319–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mingelgrin, U., Kliger, L., Gal, M. & Saltzman, S. (1978) The effect of grinding on the structure and behavior of bentonites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 26, 299–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, D.K. & Roy, S. (1973) Effect of dry grinding on the CEC of some Indian Talcs. Industrial Ceramics, 10, 215–219.Google Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. & Brown, G. (1987) The chemical constitution of clays. Pp 1–128 in: Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals (A.C.D Newman editor). Monograph 6, Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Perez-Rodriguez, J.L. & Sanchez-Soto, P.J. (1991) The influence of the dry grinding on the thermal behavior of pyrophyllite. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 37, 1401–1423.Google Scholar
Pietracaprina, A., Novelli, G. & Rinaldi, A. (1971) Bentonite deposit at Uri, Sardinia, Italy. Clay Minerals, 9, 351–355.Google Scholar
Radoslovich, E.W. (1962) The cell dimensions and symmetry of layer-lattice silicates. II. Regression relations. American Mineralogist, 47, 617–636.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr. & Bish, D.L. (2002) The effects of grinding on the structure of a low-defect kaolinite. American Mineralogist, 87, 1626–1630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Soto, P.J., Wiewió ra, A., Aviles, M.A, Justo, A., Perez-Maqueda, L.A., Perez-Rodriquez, J.L. & Bylina, P. (1997) Talc from Puebla de Lillo, Spain. II. Effect of dry grinding on particle size and shape. Applied Clay Science, 12, 297–312.Google Scholar
Schultz, L.G. (1969) Lithium and potassium adsorption, dehydroxylation temperature and structural water content of aluminous smectites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 17, 115–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, P.W. (1990) Brightness and Colour measurement. CEC/ASEAN training course on assessment procedures for clays and ceramic raw materials. 11 pp.Google Scholar
Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouquerol, J. & Siemieniewska, T. (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57, 603–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stepkowska, E.T., Perez-Rodriguez, J.L., Himenez de Haro, M.C., Sanchez-Soto, P.J. & Maqueda, L.A. (2001) Effect of grinding and water vapour on the particle size of kaolinite and pyrophyllite. Clay Minerals, 36, 105–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suraj, G., Iyer, C.S.P., Rugmini, S. & Lalithambika, M. (1997) The effect of micronization on kaolinites and their sorption behaviour. Applied Clay Science, 12, 111–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlik, P., Šuchá, V., Eberl, D.D., Pusškelová L'. & Čaplovičová M. (2000) Evolution of pyrophyllite particle sizes during dry grinding. Clay Minerals, 35, 423–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valdré, G., Zacchini, D., Berti, R., Costa, A., Alessandrini, A., Zucchetti, P. & Valdré, U. (1999) Nitrogen sorption tests, SEM-Windowless EDS and XRD analysis of mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline getters materials. Nanostructured Materials, 11, 821–829.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volzone, C., Aglietti, E.F., Scian, A.N. & Porto Lopez, J.M. (1987) Effect of induced structural modifications on the physicochemical behavior of bentonite. Applied Clay Science, 2, 97–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiewióra, A., Sanchez-Soto, P.J., Aviles, M.A., Justo, A. & Perez-Rodriguez, J.L. (1993) Effect of dry grinding and leaching on polytypic structure of pyrophyllite. Applied Clay Science, 8, 261–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, B.A. (1988) Mineral Processing Technology, 2nd edition. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 200–212.Google Scholar