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Montmorillonite mitigates the toxic effect of heavy oil on hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial growth: implications for marine oil spill bioremediation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. K. Chaerun ,
K. Tazaki  and
M. Okuno
S. K. Chaerun*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Environmental Biogeosciences and Mining Bioengineering, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia Center for Life Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
K. Tazaki
Affiliation:
University Professor Emerita, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
M. Okuno
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The ability of montmorillonite to mitigate the toxic effect of heavy oil from the Nakhodka oil spill, by growth of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and enable bioremediation was studied. Montmorillonite enhanced the bacterial growth significantly (P < 0.05) in the main treatment containing heavy oil+bacteria+montmorillonite (OBM), because the specific growth rate (μ) was greater than that in the biotic control treatment containing heavy oil+bacteria (OB). Significant amounts of Si and Al (major constituents of montmorillonite) were not released in the aqueous phase over the ∽24-day experiment (P > 0.05). Transmission electron microscopic observation showed that the hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial cells were covered and encrusted with montmorillonite particles. Scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) also showed that the surrounding of the bacterial cells was frequently rich in Si but not in Al. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the heavy oil-bacterial cell-montmorillonite particle complex retained the composition of both water and heavy oil. X-ray powder diffractrometery (XRD) analysis revealed that heavy oil and heavy oil-bacteria did not change the basal spacing of montmorillonite over a period of 24 days. The enhancement of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial growth is attributed to montmorillonite likely serving as both bacterial growth-supporting carrier and protective outer layer against high concentrations of heavy oil that inhibit growth. These results shed light on the interactions in oil-bacteria-clay complexes and could potentially be used in marine oil spill bioremediation.

Keywords

bioremediationkinetic modelmarine environmentmontmorilloniteNakhodka oil spilloildegrading bacteriaspecific growth rate
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , September 2013 , pp. 639 - 654
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2013

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