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Microwave-activated p-TSA dealuminated montmorillonite – a new material with improved catalytic activity†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Ramesh ,
Y. S. Bhat  and
B. S. Jai Prakash
S. Ramesh
Affiliation:
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Bangalore Institute of Technology, K.R. Road, Bangalore 560 004, India
Y. S. Bhat
Affiliation:
Chemistry Research Laboratory, Bangalore Institute of Technology, K.R. Road, Bangalore 560 004, India
B. S. Jai Prakash*
Affiliation:
Institute of Environment and Hazardous Materials Management, V. V. Pura College of Science, K.R. Road, Bangalore 560 004, India
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

We report a montmorillonite material with enhanced surface area but with very little alteration in cation exchange capacity (CEC) upon dealumination with para toluene sulphonic acid (p-TSA). The new material shows higher catalytic activity in comparison with mineral-acid-treated clay. Montmorillonite clay was treated with p-TSA for 10 minutes under microwave irradiation. The resulting clay was characterized by CEC, X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia and cyclic voltametry (CV) techniques. XRD patterns show an unchanged structure of pristine matrix after the acid action. BET analysis revealed an increase in the surface area and pore volume on p-TSA treatment, indicating formation of voids in the octahedral layer which suggests dealumination. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption curves showed the creation of new micro porous regions, possibly in the octahedral sheets. In contrast to mineral acid treatment, p-TSA treated clay samples showed similar CEC which shows the absence of dissolution of isomorphously substituted Mg and Fe ions present in the octahedral layer. CV studies confirm the formation of an Al-p-TSA complex, suggesting dissolution of aluminium octahedral sheets. The complex subsequently hydrolyses, replacing interlayer cations with Al3+ ions. Similar treatment with mineral acid resulted in clay with enhanced surface area but with reduced CEC, evidently due to the removal of isomorphously substituted Fe and Mg. Further, the p-TSA treated clays showed relatively higher esterification activity under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The p-TSA treated clay retained its activity even after three subsequent runs and thus can be exploited for practical applications.

Keywords

p-TSA treatmentmontmorillonitemicrowave irradiationmicroporositymixed-ion clays
Type
Research Papers
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 231 - 242
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2012

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Footnotes

†

Presented at the Euroclay 2011 Conference at Antalya, Turkey

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