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Genesis of smectite in siliciclastics and pyroclastics of the Eocene İslambeyli Formation in the Lalapaşa region, NW Thrace, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

B. Ekіncі Şans ,
F. Esenlі ,
S. Kadir  and
W.C. Elliott
B. Ekіncі Şans*
Affiliation:
İstanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Maslak TR-34469 İstanbul, Turkey
F. Esenlі
Affiliation:
İstanbul Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Maslak TR-34469 İstanbul, Turkey
S. Kadir
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480 Eskişehir, Turkey
W.C. Elliott
Affiliation:
Georgia State University, Department of Geosciences, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
*
E-mail:, [email protected]
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Abstract

The Eocene İslambeyli Formation in the Lalapaşa region (NW Thrace, Turkey) consists predominantly of siliciclastic clayey clastics at the bottom and of claystone, tuff and tuffaceous claystone/ sandstone/limestone in the middle and uppermost parts of this formation. Some tuff-tuffaceous beds of the middle–upper parts of the formation are economically viable bentonite depoits. The İslambeyli Formation exhibits vertical variations in the mineralogy, elemental compositions, and smectite-forming processes. Smectite was formed by weathering and diagenetic processes in the fluvial-shore environments in the lower part and by diagenetic alteration in a shallow-marine environment in the middle–upper parts of the formation. Ca-smectite flakes were formed by two processes: direct precipitation; and by means of a dissolution-precipitation mechanism from feldspar and mica. Dissolution-precipitation was most prevalent in the siliciclastic lower part of the formation. The amounts of Al, Fe, Mg and Ca required to form smectite and accessory illite were supplied mainly from the alteration of feldspars, mica and glass shards. The origin of smectite can also be explained by the inferred solution compositions given the parent phases in this formation, and the devitrification of glass shards in pyroclastic-rich middle–upper parts of the formation. In the upper beds, the observed decrease of K and Fe in the smectite structure coincided with both the increase in the amount of smectite and the increase in solution pH suggesting that precipitation of smectite developed over a prolonged period and under arid conditions.

Keywords

geochemistrymineralogypyroclasticssiliciclasticssmectiteThrace BasinTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 4 , September 2015 , pp. 459 - 483
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2015

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