Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:32:58.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Crystallochemistry, properties and organization of soil clays derived from major sedimentary rocks in France

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

M. Robert ,
M. Hardy  and
F. Elsass
M. Robert
Affiliation:
Station de Science du Sol, INRA, 78026 Versailles
M. Hardy
Affiliation:
SESCPF, INRA, 45160 Ardon, France
F. Elsass
Affiliation:
Station de Science du Sol, INRA, 78026 Versailles
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The nature, crystallochemistry, organization and surface properties of soil clays derived from the most representative sedimentary formations of France are described, using qualitative and quantitative mineralogical methods and high resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). The main results show that soil clays differ significantly from reference clays. Even when 2:1 phyllosilicates are dominant, the clays always contain multimineral phases. The smectitic component is dioctahedral and of beidellite type. Soil clay organization is specific: all the clay particles have a short lateral extension and few layers (mean 5 layers, and even mono-layers occur). The superposition of such small particles leads to the formation of what are called “texturally interstratified minerals” which are dominant in soil clays. Exchange and surface properties (high ratio of external surface to total surface area), are related to clay organization.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 409 - 420
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altaner, S.P. & Bethke, C.M. (1988) Interlayer order in illite/smectite. Am. Miner., 73, 766–774.Google Scholar
Alexiades, C.A. & Jackson, M.L. (1966) Quantitative clay mineralogical analysis of soils and sediments. Clays Clay Miner., 14, 35–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avery, B.W. & Bullock, P. (1977) Mineralogy of clayey soils in relation to soil classification. Soil Survey Technical Monograph 10, Harpenden, UK.Google Scholar
Bailey, S.W., Brindley, G.W., Fanning, D.S., Kodama, H. & Martin, R.T. (1984) Report of the Clay Mineral Society Nomenclature Committee for 1982 and 1983. Clays Clay Miner., 32, 329.Google Scholar
Buseck, P.R. & Iijama, S. (1974) High resolution electron microscopy of silicates. Am. Miner., 59, 1–21.Google Scholar
Dixon, J.B. (1982) Mineralogy of vertisols. Pp. 48–59 in: Vertisols and Rice Soils of the Tropics. Symposia Papers II., 12th Int. Congr. Soil Sci., New Delhi, India.Google Scholar
Elsass, F., Jaunet, A.M. & Tessier, D. (1991) Use of high resolution electron microscopy in the field of clay study: II. Operational conditions. Clay Miner,(submitted).Google Scholar
Gabis, V. (1963) Etude mineralogique et geochimique de la serie sedimentaire oligocene du Velay. Bull. Soc. Franq. Mineral. Crist, 86, 315–354.Google Scholar
Hang, P.T. & Brindley, G.W. (1970) Methylene blue absorption by clay minerals. Determination of surface areas and cation exchange capacities (clay-organic studies XVIII). Clays Clay Miner., 18, 203–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, M. (1991) Quartz content measurement by X-ray diffraction; interest in the study of chemical evolution of clay and silt fractions in soils. Clay Miner,(submitted).Google Scholar
Heilman, M.D., Carter, D.L. & Gonzalez, C.L. (1965) The ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) technique for determining soil surface area. Soil Sci., 100, 409–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, V. & Klemen, R. (1950) Verlust der Austaush Fahigkeit von Lithiumionen und Bentonit durch Erhitzung. Z. anorg. Allg. Chem., 262, 95–99.Google Scholar
Kodama, H. (1979) Clay minerals in Canadian soils: their origin, distribution and alteration. Can. J. Soil Sci., 59, 37–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacEwan, D.M.C. (1958) Fourier transform methods for studying scattering from lamellar systems. II： calculation of X-ray effects for different types of interstratification. Kolloidzeitschrift, 156, 61–67.Google Scholar
Mehra, O.P. & Jackson, M.L. (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays Clay Miner., 7, 317–327.Google Scholar
Millot, G. (1964) Geologie des Argiles.Ed. Masson, Paris.Google Scholar
Nadeau, P.H., Wilson, M.J., McHardy, W.J. & Tait, J.M. (1984) Interstratified clays as fundamental particles. Science, 225, 923–925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robert, M. & Tessier, D. (1974) Methode de preparation des argiles des sols pour les etudes mineralogiques. Ann. Agron., 25, 859–882.Google Scholar
Robert, M. (1990) Les phenomenes d'interstratification dans les microphyllites. Pp. 288-304 in: Materiaux Argileux—Structure, Proprietes et Applications. Soc. Fr. Mineral, Crystallogr., Paris.Google Scholar
Soil Survey Staff (1975) Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. USDA SCS Agric. Handbook no. 436. US Gov. Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Srodon, J. & Eberl, D.D. (1984) Illite. Pp. 495–544. in: Micas (Bailey, S.W., editor), (Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 13). Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srodon, J., Andreoli, C., Elsass, F. & Robert, M. (1990) Direct high resolution transmission electron microscopic measurement of expandability of mixed-layer illite/smectite in bentonite rock. Clays Clay Miner., 38, 373–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessier, D. (1984) Etude de Vorganisation des argiles. Hydratation, gonflement, structuration au cours de la dessiccation et de la rehumectation.These, Univ. Paris VII, France.Google Scholar
Tessier, D. & Pedro, G. (1987) Mineralogical characterization of 2:1 clays in soils: importance of the clay texture. Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Denver,, 78–84.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., Bruand, A. & Beaumont, A. (1989) Relationship between clay mineralogy and soil behaviour in Paris Basin clayey soils. Abstracts 9th Int. Clay Conf. Strasbourg,, 400.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., Jaunet, A.M. & Elsass, F. (1991) Use of high resolution electron microscopy in the field of clay study: I. Embedment of swelling material. Clay Miner,(submitted).Google Scholar
Weaver, C.E. & Pollard, L.D. (1973) The Chemistry of Clay Minerals.Developments in Sedimentology, 15, Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Wilson, M.J. (1987) Soil smectites and related interstratified minerals: recent developments. Proc. Int. Clay Conf. Denver,, 167–173.Google Scholar