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Clay mineral genesis and chemical evolution in the Miocene sediments of Somosaguas, Madrid Basin, Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

O. Fesharaki ,
E. García-Romero ,
J. Cuevas-González  and
N. López-Martínez
O. Fesharaki
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
E. García-Romero*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
J. Cuevas-González
Affiliation:
Departamento Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alicante, Spain
N. López-Martínez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

A mineralogical and microtextural study of Somosaguas Miocene deposits, located in the Madrid Basin (western Madrid, Spain), was carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, whereas crystal chemistry data were obtained by analytical electron microscopy-transmission electron microscopy and electron icroprobe analysis. Four stratigraphic sections were studied, compising detrital rocks representing intermediate and distal facies from alluvial fan deposits. The predominant source area of these sediments was the granitic rocks of the Spanish Central System with a lesser contribution of metamorphic rocks. Clayey arkoses are the most abundant rocks of these sections, typical of granite alteration under warm, semi-arid climates. The mineralogy is characterized by phyllosilicates, followed by feldspars and quartz. The data obtained reveal mineral mixtures of detrital (quartz, feldspars, kaolinite, micas and chlorite), transformed (illite and beidellite) and neoformed (montmorillonite) origin. Clay minerals resulted from interactions between detrital minerals and meteoric waters. Two trends of degradation of micas are detected. The first shows a transition from muscovites and dioctahedral illites, to beidellites. The other trend is defined by the biotite degradation to beidellites with different layer charge and octahedral Fe content. Montmorillonites were neoformed from the hydrolysis and weathering of primary minerals (feldspars and muscovite). Magnesian clay minerals such as sepiolite, palygorskite and trioctahedral smectites, extremely abundant in the centre of the basin, were not detected in Somosaguas sediments.

Keywords

Madrid basinSomosaguasMiocenearkosesaltered biotitebeidellitemontmorillonite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , June 2007 , pp. 187 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2007

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