Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T20:54:23.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of an alkylammonium-montmorillonite-phenanthrene intercalation complex by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

B. K. G. Theng ,
R. H. Newman  and
J. S. Whitton
B. K. G. Theng
Affiliation:
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
R. H. Newman
Affiliation:
Industrial Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
J. S. Whitton
Affiliation:
Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can intercalate from the solid phase into montmorillonite (Mt) saturated with quaternary alkylammonium ions. However, the interaction and relationship between guest and host organic molecules in the interlayer space of the clay are not well understood. We have intercalated phenanthrene into tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TDTMA)-montmorillonite by a solid-solid reaction. The basal spacing of the original TDTMA-Mt complex is close to 1.8 nm, indicating the presence in the interlayer space of a double layer of TDTMA ions with the alkyl (polymethylene) chains lying parallel to the silicate layers, and the carbon zig-zags adopting an all-trans conformation. After intercalation of phenanthrene the basal spacing increases to about 3.4 nm, indicating a change in orientation of the alkyl chains with respect to the silicate layers. 13C-NMR spectroscopy shows that adding phenanthrene to TDTMA-Mt leads to a displacement by -3 ppm of the -(CH2)n- signal for TDTMA. This signal and that for interlayer phenantbrene are also broadened relative to the respective pure compounds. These observations, together with measurements of nuclear spin relaxation time constants, strongly suggest that in the complex with phenanthrene the polymethylene chains of TDTMA extend away from the silicate layers, and no longer assume a rigid all-trans carbon zig-zag conformation. Rather, the TDTMA chains become relatively disordered and intimately mixed with phenanthrene.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 221 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alla, M. & Lippmaa, E. (1976) High resolution broad line 13C NMR and relaxation in solid norbornadiene. Chem. Phys. Lett. 3'7, 260–264.Google Scholar
Blakemore, L.C., Searle, P.L. & Daly, B.K. (1987) Methods for chemical analysis of soils. NZ Soil Bureau Scientific” Report 80. Google Scholar
Byers, W., Meyers, M.B. & Mooney, D.E. (1994) Analysis of soil from a disused gasworks. Water Air Soil Pollut. 73, 1-9.Google Scholar
Canet, D., Brondeau L, Boubel, J.C. & Retournard, A. (1987) A one-dimensional selective version of the INADEQUATE experiment for determining carboncarbon connectivities. Analysis of multi-pulse experiments by a vectorial representation. Magn. Reson. Chem. 25, 798–803.Google Scholar
Chen, C.S., Rat, P.S.C. & Lee, L.S. (1996) Evaluation of extraction and detection methods for determining polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from coal tar contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 32, 1123–1132.Google Scholar
Cheung, T.T.P. & Gerstein, B.C. (1981) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of domain structures in polymers. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 5517–5528.Google Scholar
Durant, N.D., Wilson, L.P. & Bouwer, E.J. (1995) Microcosm studies of subsurface PAH-degrading bacteria from a former manufactured gas plant. J. Contam. Hydrol. 17, 213–237.Google Scholar
Earl, W.L. & VanderHart, D.L. (1979) Observations in solid polyethylenes by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance with magic-angle spinning. Macromolecules, 12, 762–767.Google Scholar
Grosser, R.J., Warshawsky, D. & Vestal, J.R. (1995) Mineralization of polycyclic and N-heteroeyclic aromatic compounds in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14, 375–382.Google Scholar
Hong, S.B., Cho, H.M. & Davis, M.E. (1993) Distribution and motion of guest molecules in zeolites. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 1622–1628.Google Scholar
Iwasaki, T. & Onodera, Y. (1995) Sorption behaviour of caesium ions in smectites. Proc. lOth Int. Clay Conf, Adelaide, 67-73.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. & Boyd, S.A. (1990) Trimethylphenylammonium smectite as an effective adsorbent of water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Air Waste Manage. 40, 1649–1653.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. & Boyd, S.A. (1991) Clay mineral type and organic compound sorption by hexadecyltrimethylammonium- exchanged clays. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55, 43–48.Google Scholar
Johnson, L.F. & Jankowski, W.C. (1972) Carbon-13 NMR Spectra: a Collection of Assigned, Coded and Indexed Spectra. Wiley-Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G. (1993) Reaktionen der Tonminerale. Pp. 89–167 in: Tonminerale und Tone (Jasmund, K. & Lagaly, G., editors). Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Lechert, H. & Basler, W.D. (1989) Molecular motion in zeolite sorbents, studied by various NMR methods. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 50, 497–521.Google Scholar
Ogawa, M., Shirai, H., Kuroda, K. & Kato, C. (1992) Solid-state intercalation of naphthalene and anthracene into alkylammonium-montmorillonites. Clays Clay Miner. 40, 485–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogawa, M., Wada, T. & Kuroda, K. (1995) Intercalation of pyrene into alkylammonium-exchanged swelling layered silicates: the effects of the arrangements of the interlayer alkylammonium ions on the states of adsorbates. Langmuir, 11, 4598–4600.Google Scholar
Pfeifer, H. (1976) Surface phenomena investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. Physics Reports, 26, 293–338.Google Scholar
Qiang, Xu, Eguchi, T., Nakayama, H. & Nakamura, N. (1996) Proton magnetic resonance of CnH2n+2 (n = 1–4) adsorbed in mordenite. Dynamic behaviour and host-guest interaction. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 1039–1042.Google Scholar
Schwerk, U., Michel, D. & Pruski, M. (1996) Local magnetic field distribution in a polycrystalline sample exposed to a strong magnetic field. J. Magn. Reson. Series A, 119, 157–164.Google Scholar
Smith, J.A., Iaffe, P.R. & Chiou, C.T. (1990) Effect often quaternary ammonium cations on tetrachloromethane sorption to clay from water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1167–1172.Google Scholar
Stothers, J.B. (1972) Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tekely, P., Canet, D. & Delpuech, J.-J. (1989) Observation of 1H nuclei in heterogeneous solids via cross-polarization 13C.N.M.R. Molec. Phys. 67, 81–96.Google Scholar
Theng, B.K.G. (1974) The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions. Adam Hilger, London and Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
van Olphen, H. (1977) An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Whitton, J.S. & Churchman, G.J. (1987) Standard methods for mineral analysis of soil survey samples for characterisation and classification in NZ Soil Bureau. NZ Soil Bureau Scientific Report 79. Google Scholar
Zumbulyadis, N. (1983) Selective carbon excitation and the detection of spatial heterogeneity in crosspolarization magic-angle-spinning NMR. J. Magn. Reson. 53, 486–494.Google Scholar