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Aggregation in Na-, K-, and Ca-montmorillonite dispersions, characterized by impedance spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

G. Roy ,
M. Pelletier ,
F. Thomas ,
C. Despas  and
J. Bessière
G. Roy
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie, UMR 7569 CNRS–INPL Pôle de l'Eau, 15, Avenue du Charmois, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex
M. Pelletier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie, UMR 7569 CNRS–INPL Pôle de l'Eau, 15, Avenue du Charmois, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex
F. Thomas*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie, UMR 7569 CNRS–INPL Pôle de l'Eau, 15, Avenue du Charmois, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex
C. Despas
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Chimie Physique pour l'Environnement, UMR 7592 CNRS, Université H. Poincaré Nancy I, 405, rue de Vandœuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
J. Bessière
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Chimie Physique pour l'Environnement, UMR 7592 CNRS, Université H. Poincaré Nancy I, 405, rue de Vandœuvre, 54600 Villers-les-Nancy, France
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Montmorillonite-water-cation systems were characterized using high-frequency impedance spectroscopy by studying the influence of the solid concentration and the nature of the exchangeable cation (Na+, K+, Ca2+) on the dielectric characteristics of the dispersions. A new method is proposed to calculate the relaxation frequency (fr) and the dispersion factor (α) from a limited number of impedance measurements. By comparison with rheology, microscopy, X-ray diffraction and immersion calorimetry results, it is shown that impedance spectroscopy is a very powerful technique which yields structural information on a complex system. For Na-montmorillonite, two transitions are observed at 2.5% and 3.6% in solids. The cation mobility and the number of connections between particles are described by fr and α, respectively. The two transitions can then be attributed to the formation of the gel and to the reduction of the macroporosity within the gel, respectively. For Ca-montmorillonite, thick layer-stacks form at the lowest concentrations, and connections between these stacks are observed at 9% in solids, in good aggrement with rheological measurements. The K-montmorillonite displays progressive thickening of the tactoids, and no formation of a unique connected network, as revealed by the smooth evolution of fr and α.

Keywords

impedance spectroscopymontmorillonitedispersionsXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , April 2000 , pp. 335 - 343
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

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