Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T21:43:41.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium ions on an acid-activated smectite and their thermal stability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

F. Kooli  and
P. C. M. M. Magusin
F. Kooli*
Affiliation:
Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
P. C. M. M. Magusin
Affiliation:
Eindhoven University of Technology, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The intercalation of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (C16TMA) into the interlayer of an acid-activated clay in the presence of different anions has been studied in detail. When Br or OH anions were used, the basal spacing increased significantly, the increase being related to the loading concentration of the surfactant solution. For intercalated compounds prepared from the hydroxide form, the basal spacing at room temperature varied from 1.6 to 3.8 nm. However, for organoclays prepared from the surfactant bromide, the basal spacing is almost loading- independent (1.9 nm). The use of hydroxide and bromide at higher pH is crucial to intercalating larger amounts of C16TMA cations and, hence, to improving the exfoliation of the silicate sheets. Magic-angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that the intercalated surfactants exhibit a significant degree of gauche conformation. According to in situ powder X-ray diffraction, an increase of the basal spacing to 4.08 nm is observed at intermediate temperatures of 50 to 150°C for organoclay with an initial basal spacing of 3.7 nm. At higher temperatures, decomposition of the surfactant occurs and the basal spacing decreases to ~1.4 nm.

Keywords

adsorptioncetyltrimethylammoniumsmectiteorganoclayMAS-NMR
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 233 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bovet, J. & Jones, W. (1995) Characterization of Al-pillared acid activated clay catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 5, 2027–2035.Google Scholar
Brown, G. (1980) Associated minerals. Pp. 361-410 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identificatio. (G.W. Brindley and G. Brown, editors). Monograph 5. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Cope, A.C. & Trumbull, E.R. (1960) Organic Reactions II. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 317-487.Google Scholar
Favoriti, P., Mannebach, M.H. & Treiner, C. (1996) Surface interactions on silica particles between a cationic surfactant and sodium salicylate. Langmuir, 2,4691-4696.Google Scholar
Ferragina, C., Cafarelli, P., De Stefanis, A., Di Rocco, R. & Giannoccaro, P. (2001) Synthesis and chemical-physical characterization of palladium and rhodium new materials derived from octadecyltrimethylammonium cationic surfactant intercalated into zirconium and titanium dihydrogen phosphate. Materials Research Bulletin, 36,1799-1812.Google Scholar
Gil, A., Gandia, L.M. & Vicente, M.A. (2000) Recent advances in the synthesis and catalytic application of pillared clays. Catalysis Review – Science and Engineering, 42, 145–212.Google Scholar
Hlavaty, V. & Fajnor, V.S. (2002) Thermal stability of clay/organic intercalation complexes. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 67,113–118.Google Scholar
Ijdo, W.L. & Pinnavaia, T.J. (1998) Staging of organic and inorganic gallery cations in layered silicate heterostructures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 139, 281–289.Google Scholar
Jiang, J.Q., Cooper, C. & Ouki, S. (2002) Comparison of modified montmorillonite adsorbents. Part I: preparation, characterization and phenol adsorption. Chemosphere, 47, 711–716.Google Scholar
Klapyta, Z., Fujita, T. & Iyi, N. (2001) Adsorption of dodecyl- and octadecyltrimethylammonhim ions on a smectite and synthetic micas. Applied Clay Science, 19, 5–10.Google Scholar
Komadel, P. (2003) Chemically modified smectites. Clay Minerals, 38, 127–138.Google Scholar
Kooli, F. (2003) Adsorption studies of hexadecyltrimethylammonium ions on an acid-activated smectite. Euroclay 2003, Modena, Italy. Abstracts volume, p. 157.Google Scholar
Kooli, F. & Jones. W. (1997) Characterization and catalytic properties of a saponite clay modified by acid activation. Clay Minerals, 32, 633–643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishna, B.S., Murty, D.S.R. & Jai Prakash, B.S. (2001) Surfactant-modified clay as adsorbent for chromate. Applied Clay Science, 20, 65–71.Google Scholar
Kubies, D., Jérome, R. & Grandjean, J. (2002) Surfactant molecules intercalated in laponite as studied by 13C and 29Si MAS NMR. Langmuir, 18, 6159–6163.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G. (1986) Interaction of alkylamines with different types of layered compounds. Solid State Ionics, 22, 43–51.Google Scholar
Lee, S.Y. & Kim SJ. (2002a) Delamination behavior of silicate layers by adsorption of cationic surfactants. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 248, 231–238.Google Scholar
Lee, S.Y. & Kim SJ. (2002b) Expansion characteristics of organoclay as a precursor to nanocomposites. Colloids and Surface A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 211, 19–26.Google Scholar
Lee, S.Y. & Kim, S.J. (2003) Dehydration behaviour of hexadecyltrimethylammonium-exchanged smectite. Clay Minerals, 38, 225–232.Google Scholar
Linssen, T., Cool, P., Baroudi, M., Cassiers, K., Vansant, E.F., Lebedev, O. & Van Landuyt, J. (2002) Leached natural saponite as the silicate source in the synthesis of aluminosilicate hexagonal mesoporous materials. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106, 4470–4476.Google Scholar
Meier, L.P., Nueesch, R. & Madsen, F.T. (2001) Organic pillared clays. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 238, 24–32.Google Scholar
Mokaya, R. & Jones, W. (1995) Pillared clays and pillared acid-activated clays: A comparative study of physical, acidic, and catalytic properties. Journal of Catalysis, 153, 76–85.Google Scholar
Ogawa, M., Wada, T. & Kuroda, K. (1995) Intercalation of pyrene into alkylammonium-exchanged swelling layered silicates: The effects of the arrangements of the interlayer alkylammonium ions on the states of adsorbates. Langmuir, 11, 4598–4600.Google Scholar
Otsuka, K. (1997) Preparation and properties of twodimensional microporous pillared interlayered solids. Chemistry of Materials, 9, 2039–2050.Google Scholar
Pichowicz, M. & Mokaya, R. (2001) Porous clay heterostructures with enhanced acidity obtained from acid-activated clays. Chemical Communications, 2100-21001.Google Scholar
Rausell-Colom, J.A. & Serratosa, J.M. (1987) Reactions of clays with organic substances. Pp. 371–422 in: Chemistry of Clays and Clay Mineral. (A.C.D. Newman, editor). Monograph 6. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Sanz, J. & Serratosa, J.M. (1984) 29Si and 27Al high resolution NMR spectra of phyllosilicates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 106, 4790–4793.Google Scholar
Simonutti, R., Comotti, A., Bracco, S. & Sozzani, P. (2001) Surfactant organization in MCM-41 mesoporous materials as studied by 13C and 29Si solidstate NMR. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 771–777.Google Scholar
Theng, B.K.G. (1974) The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions. Adam Hilger, London.Google Scholar
Tkáč, I., Komadel, P. & Muller, D. (1994) Acid-treated montmorillonites – A study by 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR. Clay Minerals, 29, 11–19.Google Scholar
Venkataraman, N.V. & Vasudevan, S. (2001) Conformation of methylene chains in an intercalated surfactant bilayer. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 105, 1805–1812.Google Scholar
Wang, L.Q., Liu, J., Exarhos, G.J., Flanigan, K.Y. & Bordia, R. (2000) Conformation heterogeneity and mobility of surfactant molecules in intercalated clay minerals studied by solid-state NMR. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 104, 2810–2816.Google Scholar
Weiss, A. (1969) Organic Geochemistry – Methods and Result. (G. Eglinton and M.T. Murphy, editors). Springer-Verlag, Berlin/New York.Google Scholar
Xie, W., Gao, Z., Pan, W.-P., Hunter, D., Singh, A. & Vaia, R. (2001) Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 2979–2990.Google Scholar
Xu, S. & Boyd, S.A. (1995) Cationic surfactant sorption to a vermiculitic subsoil via hydrophibic bonding. Environment Science and Technology, 29, 312–320.Google Scholar