Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T06:45:19.140Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Structural Power, the Copenhagen School and Threats to Chinese Security

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2014

Jeffrey Reeves*
Affiliation:
Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Hawai‘i. Email: [email protected].

Abstract

This article engages with current debates surrounding China's security by employing the concept of structural power and the Copenhagen School approach to security studies to measure threats to China's security. Building on existing Chinese and English language research on China's security drivers, the article develops a mechanism for determining how China's economic relations with small states in Asia negatively affect their domestic stability and how this instability then loops back to undermine China's strategic position. The article uses China's relations with Cambodia, Nepal and Mongolia as case studies.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alliance. 2012. Democratic Ownership in Cambodia: Progress and Challenges. Phnom Phen: Alliance.Google Scholar
Barnett, Steven, and Bersch, Julia. 2010. “Mongolia stages dramatic turnaround,” 13 September, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/car091410a.htm. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Buzan, Barry, and Waever, Ole. 2003. Regions and Powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buzan, Barry, Waever, Ole and de Wilde, Jaap. 1998. Security, A New Framework for Analysis. London: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Cambodia Development Research Institute. 2012. Annual Development Review. Phnom Phen: CDRI.Google Scholar
Charhar Institute. 2011. “Beijing daxue guoji guanxi xueyuan fu yuanzhang Jia Qingguo jiaoshou zhuzhi fayan shi lu” (A speech by Peking University's vice-director of the School of International Relations, Professor Jia Qingguo), 29 December, http://www.charhar.org.cn/newsinfo.aspx?newsid=3473. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
China Network for the Asia-Pacific Research. 2011. “2011 nian Zhongguo waijiao huigu yu zhangwang zhuanti yantaohui huiyi zhibo” (A live meeting on the special topic of “A review of China's 2011 diplomacy”), Zhongguo Yatai yanjiu wang, 19 December.Google Scholar
Dittmer, Lowell. 2010. “China and the developing world.” In Dittmer, Lowell and Yu, George T. (eds.), China and the Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic. London: Lynne Rienner, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, Manyuan. 2011. “Weilai shinian Zhongguo zhoubian anquan huanjing pinggu” (An evaluation of China's border security environment in ten years' time), 5 May, http://www.ciis.org.cn/chinese/2011-05/05/content_4177323.htm. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Erdenechuluun, T. 2006. Wood Supply in Mongolia: The Legal and Illegal Economies. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Friedberg, Aaron. 2011. A Contest for Supremacy: China, America, and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia. London: W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Goh, Evelyn. 2004. “China in the Mekong River basin: the regional security implications of resources development on the Lancang Jiang.” Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies Working Paper No. 69, July, 1–26.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Avery. 2008. Rising to the Challenge: China's Grand Strategy and International Security. Singapore: NUS Press.Google Scholar
Guo, Yina. 2011. “Zhongguo ke yu Meiguo zhengduo youhao guojia” (China can be both competitive and friendly with the US), 31 May, http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_05/31/6732014_0.shtml. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Husain, Akbar, and Swann, Wim. 2008. 21st Century Cambodia: Views and Visions. Phnom Phen: Global Vision Publishing House.Google Scholar
Lan, Jianxue. 2009. “21 shiji de Zhongguo–Niboer guanxi: guojia liyi de shijiao” (Sino-Nepalese relations in the 21st century: national benefits and perspectives). Nanya yanjiu 4, 28.Google Scholar
Li, Daguang. 2011/12. “Woguo zhoubian anquan huanjing: zhengduan tuxian xingshi fuza” (Our country's periphery security environment: clear disputes and complicated circumstances). Guofang keji gongye, 12.Google Scholar
Li, Jingzhi. 2010. “Zhoubian anquan xin taishi yu Zhongguo heping fanzhan xin kaoyan” (Peripheral security's new situation and trials facing China's peaceful development). Xin shiye 6, 1013.Google Scholar
Maharjan, Sumati. 2011. “The Tibet issue: what's in it for us?” Wave, 13 December, http://www.chinamedia.com/news/2011/12/04/the-tibet-issue-whats-in-it-for-us/. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Marks, Paul. 2000. “China's Cambodia strategy.Parameters 30(3), 92108.Google Scholar
Marshall, Andrew, and Thul, Prak Chan. 2012. “Insight: China gambles on Cambodia's shrinking forests,” Reuters, 7 March.Google Scholar
Men, Honghua. 2008. “Zhongguo jueqi yu dongya anquan zhixu de biange” (China's rise and the changes in East Asia's security order), Guoji guancha 2, 1625.Google Scholar
Mendee, Jargalsaikhan. 2011. “Anti-Chinese Attitudes in Post-Communist Mongolia: The Lingering Negative Schemas of the Past.” Master's thesis, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
NGO Forum on Cambodia. 2010. “Fact sheet on terms of assistance of foreign concessional loans to Cambodia,” http://www.ngoforum.org.kh/docs/publications/AEP_Foreign%20Concessional%20Loans%20to%20Cambodia_Eng.pdf. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Nye, Joseph. 2000. Understanding International Conflict. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Pan, Zhongqi, and Renwei, Huang. 2011. “Zhongguo de diyuan zhengzhi yu anquan zhanlüe” (China's geo-political and security strategy). Shehui kexue, 10, 411.Google Scholar
Press Institute. 2012. “Mongoliin zarim togtmol hevleld 2000, 2010 ond niitlegdsen OHU, BNHAU-iin tuhai niitleliin harcuulsan sudalgaa” (2000–2010 survey of Mongolian media attitudes towards China and Russia). Ulan Bator: Press Institute.Google Scholar
Qiu, Yongzheng. 2013. “Niboer nan liuwang Zangren ‘binansuo’” (The difficulty exiled Tibetans face when seeking asylum in Nepal), 15 March, http://world.huanqiu.com/depth_report/2013-03/3735051.html. Accessed 3 December 2013.Google Scholar
Radio Free Asia. 2012. “Chinese influence under scrutiny,” Radio Free Asia, 3 April, http://www/rfa.org/english/news/cambodia/influence-04032012180802.html. Accessed 3 December 2013.Google Scholar
Reeves, Jeff. 2013. “Mongolia's evolving security strategy: omni-enmeshment and balance of influence.Pacific Review 25(5), 589612.Google Scholar
Sant Maral Foundation. 2011. PolitBarometer 2009–2011. Ulan Bator: Sant Maral Foundation.Google Scholar
Shen, Dingli. 2011. “Tuoshan de yingdui he zhengce de yizhixing youzhuyu Zhongguo chonghuo linguo xinren” (Delicate handling and consistent policies can help China regain the trust of its neighbours), 15 April, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/chinas-foreign-policy-balancing-act-part-ii. Accessed 28 November 2013.Google Scholar
Songwe, Vera. 2003. From Goats to Coats: Institutional Reform in Mongolia's Cashmere Sector. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Sotharith, Chap. 2010. “Trade, FDI, and ODA between Cambodia and China/Japan/Korea.” In Kagami, Mitsuhiro (ed.), Economic Relations of China, Japan and Korea with the Mekong River Basin Countries. Bangkok: Bangkok Research Center, 1044.Google Scholar
South Asian Democratic Form and Gallup. 2011. Insights: South Asia: Nepal Survey. Brussels: South Asia Democratic Forum.Google Scholar
Strange, Susan. 2004. States and Markets. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Thul, Prak Chan. 2011. “‘Land grabs’ mar Cambodia's boom, rattle investors,” Reuters, 31 August.Google Scholar
Turner, Jennifer, and Wu, Ada. 2009. “Step lightly: China's ecological impact on Southeast Asia,” http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/step-lightly-chinas-ecological-impact-southeast-asia. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2011. Foreign Direct Investment in LDCs. New York: UNCTAD.Google Scholar
Waldron, Scott, and Longworth, J.W.. 2007. China's Livestock Revolution: Agribusiness and Policy Developments in the Sheep Meat Industry. Oxfordshire: CABI.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walt, Steven. 2011. “Explaining Obama's Asia policy,” 18 November, http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/11/18/explaining_obamas_asia_policy. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Wingard, James, and Zahler, Peter. 2006. Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2010. Mongolia Economic Retrospective: 2008–2010. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2011. Mongolia: Quarterly Economic Update. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2012. “Foreign direct investment, net inflows, Mongolia,” 3 February, http://data.worldbank.org/country/mongolia. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Zou, Zongfu. 2010. “Zhongguo zhoubian anquan huanjing hui chixu ehua ma?” (Will China's border security environment continue to worsen?). Nanfengchuang, 15 October, http://www.nfcmag.com/article/2420.html. Accessed 19 November 2012.Google Scholar
Zweig, David. 2010. “The rise of a new ‘trading nation’.” In Dittmer, Lowell and Yu, George T. (eds.), China and the Developing World, and the New Global Dynamic. London: Lynne Rienner, 3761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar