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The Organisation of Rural Trade in China since 1958*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Audrey Donnithorne
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Extract

The purpose of this article is to describe the developments in rural trade following on the formation of the rural people's communes in 1958, but first it is necessary to say something about the events leading up to the situation in the summer of that year. This topic has been treated by the author at greater length elsewhere. A brief summary of certain points must, however, be made in order to sketch the background of the present subject.

Type
The Intellectuals (II)
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 8 , December 1961 , pp. 77 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1961

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References

1 In a paper for the University of Hong Kong Golden Jubilee Congress, 09 1961.Google Scholar

2 Ten Great Years: Statistics of the Economic and Cultural Achievements of the People's Republic of China (Peking: 1960), p. 40.Google Scholar

3 Hsin-hua Pan-yueh-k'an (New China Fortnightly), No. 91, 1956, p. 46.Google Scholar

4 Ibid., No. 98, 1956, p. 82. “The Development of the State Commercial Network and the Basic Situation in 1955.”

5 Ibid., No. 116, 1957, pp. 207–208. “Regulations on Certain Agricultural and Other Products which are subject to Planned Purchase or Unified Purchase by the State and are not to be permitted on the Free Market.”

6 T'ung-chi Kung-tso (Statistical Work), No. 8, 1957, p. 9.Google Scholar

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13 Ibid. Finance and trade seem always to be a single department in communes.

14 Commercial work must keep pace with Development of Situation to Greet High Tide of People's Communes,” Shang-yeh Kung-tso (Commercial Work), 09 3, 1958Google Scholar, translated in Survey of the China Mainland Press (SCMP) (Hong Kong: U.S. Consulate-General), 1910.Google Scholar

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16a Ta-t'ung, Kuan, “Strengthen the Ties between City and Countryside, Advance the Flow of Commodities,” People's Daily. 07 15, 1961.Google Scholar

17 Fu, Chong, loc. cit., 09 28, 1958.Google Scholar

18 Hsing, Ch'en, loc. cit., 03 6, 1961.Google Scholar

19 Ibid.

20 Cheng-jui, Li and Ch'un-hsu, Yang, “Apply the Contract System Extensively,” 02 20, 1959, in SCMP 1980.Google Scholar

21 New China News Agency (NCNA), 01 18, 1959.Google Scholar

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23 NCNA, 05 7, 1959Google Scholar: “The first category consists of 38 types of products including grain, cotton and cloth, and the second category of 293 types including nails, wire and live pigs. Commodities not included in these two categories and other than those placed under the control of the relevant departments or provided for by the regulations of the state belong to the third category.”

24 Cheng-jui, Li and Ch'un-hsu, Yang, op. cit.Google Scholar

25 NCNA, 05 7, 1959.Google Scholar

26 NCNA, 05 22, 1959.Google Scholar

27 Ibid.

28 Yao, Lin, “Report of an Investigation of Trade at the Fair at Tingssuchiao, Sienning hsien, Hupeh.” People's Daily, 03 14, 1961.Google Scholar

29 Cheng-jui, Li and Ch'un-hsu, Yang, op. cit.Google Scholar

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31 See below for a further discussion on prices.

32 NCNA, 07 17, 1959.Google Scholar

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34 NCNA, 07 7, 1959.Google Scholar

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36 Ibid.

37 Ibid.

38 See Nan-fang Jih-pao (Southern Daily), 11 14, 1960Google Scholar, editorial: “Neither too Much, Nor None at all,” in SCMP 2405.

39 “Directive on the Organisation of Rural Fairs,” loc. cit.

40 e.g., People's Daily, 11 25, 1960Google Scholar, “Trade Fairs make Economic Activity Flourish in the Contryside”; People's Daily, 03 13, 1961Google Scholar, “State Commerce Leads Correctly: Rural Fairs are Lively but not Chaotic”; Ta Kung Pao, 02 20, 1961Google Scholar, Wu Jen-k'uei, Director, Kiangsi Provincial Department of Commerce, “Carry Out Policy, Strengthen Leadership and Enliven Trade at Rural Fairs,” in SCMP 2460; Ta Kung Pao, 01 21, 1961Google Scholar, Work Team, Finance and Trade Department, Shantung Communist Party CCP Provincial Committee, “Report on an Investigation into Nanma Fair,” in SCMP 2449; Ta Kung Pao, 01 26, 1961Google Scholar, Ta-t'ung, Kuan, “Firmly Enforce the Policy of Activating Rural Fairs,” in SCMP 2456Google Scholar; Ta Kung Pao, 01 13, 1961Google Scholar, Hsiao-hsien, Yang, “Strengthen Organisational Leadership, Develop Rural Trade Fairs in a better way,” in SCMP 2445Google Scholar; People's Daily, 03 14, 1961Google Scholar, Wei, Ho and Ch'un-hsin, Yang “On Trade at Rural Fairs; Ta Kung Pao, 03 6, 1961Google Scholar, Hsing, Ch'en, “Strengthen the Economic Work of State-operated Commerce in Trade at Rural Fairs,”Google Scholar in SCMP 2481.

41 Yao, Lin, “Report of an Investigation of Trade at the Fair at Tingssuchiao, Sienning hsien, Hupeh,” loc. cit.Google Scholar

42 I am grateful to W.K. for a discussion on this topic.

43 Yao, Lin, op. cit.Google Scholar

44 Ibid.

45 Hsing, Ch'en, op. cit.Google Scholar

46 Ibid.

47 Ibid.

48 NCNA, 09 24, 1959.Google Scholar

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50 Nan-Fang Jih-pao, 12 28, 1960Google Scholar, “Kwangtung Provincial People's Council Publishes Directive on Re-adjustment of Control List of Products,” in SCMP 2421.

51 People's Daily, 11 24, 1959Google Scholar, Hsueh-sheng, Su, “Discussion on Holding Markets at Different Levels.”Google Scholar

52 Hsing, Ch'en, “Develop Trade at Rural Fairs in a Guided and Planned Manner,” People's Daily, 11 25, 1960.Google Scholar

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54 People's Daily, 03 14, 1961Google Scholar. Wei, Ho and Ch'un-hsu, Yang, “On Trade at Rural Fairs.”Google Scholar

55 People's Daily, 01 18, 1961Google Scholar, Lin, Sung, “Develop Trade at Fairs, Make the Rural Economy Active.”Google Scholar